758 



and the old fronds are thrown off in spring, at which lime of the 

 3'ear they are washed up on the beach in great numbers by the 

 heavy storms. Even in May and June, however, specimens may be 

 found which still have the old lamina attached. 



Fig. 161. Stipes and haptera o( Laminaria liyperbnrea with a dense covering of epiphytes. On the stipes, Plo- 

 camium coccineiim is prominent; on Ihehaplera, CallophylUs laciniata and Eutlioracristata. Uppcrniost on the 

 stipes we find Ccramium rubrum, I'olijsiplionia urceolata, Delesseria alata, Polysiphonia elongata. (F. B. phot. 



The Laminaria hijperborea association grows more or less densely 

 in all suitable localities down to a depth of 10 — 15 fathoms^ (Sim- 

 mons gave 25 meters). Besides the above mentioned epiphytes, 



^ It is hardly probable that the Laminaria hijperborea should be foiiiul forming 

 an association below tliis depth; but a single specimen may well be dredged now 

 and then from a still greater depth. 



