1001 



heath, but less peaty Ihan Ihe grass-nioor; so also the waler conlent 

 is larger than the former, and less tlian the latter, and so on with 

 other features. 



The two prhicipal piants are Grimmia hypnoides and Nardns 

 stricta, the latter being replaced locally by its allies Jumiis sqiiar- 

 rosiis and Scirpiis caespilosiis. The other character-plants have been 

 referred to already, either as elements in the grass-moor, or in the 

 Grimmia-heath, and without repeating them we proceed to illustrate 

 the transition formation by some examples. 



1. Mountain-plateau bet w een Velbestad and Thorshavn, 

 near the lakes, about 200 ni. altitude. Grimmia hypnoides, Nardiis and 

 Cladonia rangiferina are dominant. Frequent species: Cladonia sp., Jun- 

 cus squarrosus and Agrostis canina; scattered species: Potentilla erecta, 

 Anthoxanthum, Empetrum, Polygala serpyllacea, Festuca ovina vivipara, 

 Carex Goodenoughii, Viola silvestris. 



2. Mountain-plateau above Ord evig on Sydero, about 200 

 m. above sea-level. Dominant species: Grimmia and Nardiis; others 

 noted were Galium saxatile, Potentilla erecta, Lycopodium alpinum, L. 

 selago, Festuca ovina vivipara, Anthoxanthum. Aira flexuosa, etc. 



3. Bergsmunna on Videro, summit-plateau at about 360 

 m. Dominant species: Grimmia and Nardns; frequent species: Lycopo- 

 dium alpinum. Agrostis vulgaris and Dicranum scoparium; scattered 

 species: Festuca ovina vivipara, Aira flexuosa, Potentilla erecta, Viola 

 silvestris, Selaginella, Galium saxatile, Anthoxanthum, Thymus, Viola 

 palustris; also isolated piants of Alchimilla alpina, Carex pilulifera, Ta- 

 raxacum sp., Empetrum, Carex rigida and Vaccinium myrtillus pygmaeum. 

 The lichens include Cladonia rangiferina and Sphaerophoron; some of 

 the more subordinate mosses: Polytrichum alpinum, Stereodon ericetorum, 

 several Hylocomia, Isothecium tenuinerve, Ptilidium ciliare, Jungermannia 

 Floerkii, etc. 



4. Reiafjæld on Ostero; mountain-plateaux at an altitude 

 of 300—350 m. Dominant species: Grimmia and Nardns; frequent: Fes- 

 tuca ovina vivipara, Scirpus caespitosus, Juncus squarrosus; other species: 

 Polygala serpyllacea, Potentilla erecta. Thymus, Carex pilulifera, C. flava. 

 Agrostis canina, A. vulgaris, Festuca rubra, Empetrum, Galium saxatile, 

 Viola palustris, Lycopodium alpinum, Calluna, Alchimilla alpina. Viola 

 silvestris, Luzula multiflora, Cerastium vulgare alpestre, Anthoxanthum, 

 Thalictrum, Leontodon autumnale, Taraxacum sp. ; also the lichens Cor- 

 nicularia, Sphaerophon and Cladonia sp. 



5. Vardebakken above Thorshavn, the summit-plateau, about 

 300 m. Dominant species: Grimmia, Nardus and Juncus squarrosus; 

 other species noted : Potentilla erecta, Scirpus caespitosus, Empetrum 

 Carex flava, Festuca ovina vivipara, Sphagna and Cladonia rangiferina. 



These examples will suffice to show that the transition forma- 

 tion comprises: 



(1) the widely distributed species which occur in the lowland 

 grass-moor and again in the Grimmia-heath of the mountains; 



