1919] WILSON, PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF KOREA 35 



S. & Z., Magnolia Jwhus DC. are indigenous in Quelpaert but grow nowhere 

 else in Korea. The Fir on the island is an undescribed species, similar in 

 habit to Abies Veitchii Lindl., has cones like A. sachalincnsis Mast., but less 

 resinous, and bark like that of A. ncphrolepis ]\raxim. It just crosses to 

 the mainland but finds its northern range on Chiri-san about Lat. 35° N. 

 The Chiri range is interesting phytogeographically since it is the southern 

 limit of such characteristic Korean plants as Rhododendron Schlippcnhachii 

 Maxim., Pinus koraiensis S. & Z., Abies holopJujIla :Maxim., A. nephrolepis 

 and the widely spread Picea jezoensis Carr. and Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica 

 Schneid.; also it is the only region in Korea where grow Stewartia pseudo- 

 camellia Maxim, and Rhododendron Tschonoskii Maxim., two typical Jap- 

 anese plants. 



The flora of Dagelet Island is most singular, being much more closely 

 related to that of Japan than to that of Korea. The Japanese Pinus parvi- 

 flora S. & Z. and Hemlock, Tsvga Sieboldii Carr., find their western limits on 

 this island and woods of a Beech {Fagiis multinervis Nakai), considered 

 endemic, are a feature of the forests high up on the mountains. No Beech 

 grows on the mainland of eastern Asia nor in China until the province of 

 Ilupeh is reached. Among other endemic species worthy of mention are 

 Acer Okamotoi Nakai, Abelia corcana Nakai, Samhucus pcndula Nakai, 

 Cotoneastcr Wilsonii Nakai. The Keaki, Zelkova serrata Mak., common 

 to Japan and Korea is also indigenous on Dagelet Island and so, too, is 

 Pinus densiflora S. & Z. The Chinese Juniper ijuniperus chinensis L.) is 

 wild on the sea cliffs and has huge trunks though the trees are not tall. The 

 lovely Viburnum Carlcsii Hemsl., a littoral species, also is indigenous, but 

 has so far not been found on the contiguous east coast of Korea although it 

 grows in one or two localities on the west coast and on Quelpaert. These 

 two insular outposts of the Japanese flora are the more remarkable when 

 it is remembered that although both are volcanic their basalt and trachyte 

 lavas prove that they belong to the Korean and not to the Japanese system 



of volcanoes. 



Omitting the foregoing anomalies the flora of Korea is specifically and 

 markedly different from that of Japan and China. Yet though species are 

 limited, genera arc well represented, and the small size of the country, its 

 severe climate, and the destruction wrought during centuries of deforesta- 

 tion duly considered, it compares not unfavorably with that of contiguous 

 and adjacent regions of the same latitudes. The whole flora of the Korean 

 peninsula is essentially boreal in character and its outstanding feature is 

 the almost complete absence of broad-leaf evergreens. Of these fif Lcen spe- 

 cies, Zanthoxylum alatum var. planispinum Relul. & Wils., JJex cornuta 

 Lindl., Evonynius radicans Sieb., Buxus microphjjlla var. koreana Nakai, 

 Rhododendron brachijcarpum G. Don, R. micranthum Turcz., R. chnjsanthum 

 Pall., R. parvifolium Adams, R. confertissimum Nakai, R. Redowskianvm 

 IVIaxim., Ledum palustre L., Vaccinium Vitis-idaea L., Phyllodocc coerulca 

 Bab., Empctrum nigrum L. and Sasa spiculosa Mak. only arc found there. 

 The first six arc confined to central and southern Korea, the Sasa, although 



