3G JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [vol. i 



widespread, is no\yhere very abundant, the others are alpine plants and 

 grow only in central and northern Korea. Excej)t the social, ali)ine plants 

 and the Sasa these broad-leaf evergreens are local in their distribution, few 

 in numbers and nowhere a conspicuous feature of Korean vegetation. 

 Mistletoe both with a greenish white and reddish fruit is a pest every- 

 wliere. 



The deciduous broad-leaf trees which compose the woods and forests be- 

 long to familiar northern genera and include several species each of Willow, 

 Alder, Birch, Poplar, Hornbeam, Elm, Oak, Maple, Cornel, Nettle Trees, 

 and one or two each of Cherry, Bird Cherry, Crab Apple, Wild Pear, Ash, 

 Walnut, Sweet Chestnut, Sjjiny p]lm. Honey Locust, Linden, Apricot, 

 Sophora, Koelreuteria, PlicUodendron and the Keaki. The woods and 

 forests of these trees are left on steep, rocky mountains unsuited to agricul- 

 ture and where the soil is ])oor, so they are not large when compared 

 Avith their congeners in America, Europe or Jai)an. Occasionally, when for 

 religious or sentimental reasons groups of trees or individuals have been 

 allowed to remain in valleys and by roadsides, good specimens may be seen, 

 but in general Korean broad-leaf trees are small and their timber of less 

 value than that of the same species from Manchuria or Hokkaido. The 

 largest of these Korean trees is Popuhis Maximoiciczii Henry which in the 

 .s])arsely peoi)led north is often 100 ft. tall with a trunk 20 ft, in girth. A 

 Black Ash {Fraxinus 77ia7ich'hurica Rupr.) ranks next but I have seen in 

 Hokkaido far larger trees of this species, and logs rafted down the Yalu from 

 its ^Nlanchurian tributary show tluit in Manchuria it is also a larger tree. 

 The Mongolian Oak (Quercii:^' mongolica Fisch.) probably ranks third In 

 size but on a part of the Diamond Mts. only did I see any really noteworthy 



1^'' 



examples of this Oak. The most widely distributed trees are Qucrcus 

 inongoUca Fisch., Bdula Ennanii Cham., and Prunus ^crrulata var. piibes- 

 ccns Wils. which are common from Quelpaert to the Manchurian border and 

 northward. Almost as common nvc Alnus hirsiita var. sibiricaSchnQid., Popu- 

 hfs trcmida var. Daridiana Schneid., Bctida davurica Pall., B. japonica 

 Sieb., Qucrcus dcntata Thunb., PlicUodendron amurense Bupr., Ulmus ja- 

 potn'ca Sarg., Acer picfum Thunb., Salix korccnsis Anderss. and Maackia 

 amurcnsis Rupr. & Maxim. Trees with the least distribution are Cornns 

 ojjlcinidis S. & Z., and Sophora japonica L., w^hich are spontaneous on a 

 mountain slope about thirty miles northeast from Keijyo and are found 

 wild nowhere else in Korea. The genus Salix is richest in species and some 

 like S, nohdls Xakai, S. cardiophylla Trautv. & Mey. and 5. korccnsis An- 

 derss. are large and handsome trees; Betula and Acer with nine species 

 each come next, followed by Qucrcus and Cornus each with six species and 

 Ulmus with five. The Birches, except the shrubby Betula fntticosa Pall. 

 and B, cliinoisis Maxim, which is always a small tree, are handsome and 

 grow to a good size. Tlie most remarkable is B. Schmidtii Regel, which has 

 hard, close-grained wood, heavier than water, and much exported to Man- 

 churia and China for making axletrees and felloes of carts. This species 

 grows on steep, rocky slopes and the trees though not tall have a short. 



