1920] SCHNEIDER, NOTES ON AMERICAN WILLOWS. Vlll m 



This well known species has been described by Fltigg^ apud WilldcnoW 

 without indicating the native country or the name of a collector. Never- 

 theless the description \^ quite sufficient. Mlchaux de.^crlbed it firi^t as 



S. inc(ma from Canada " juxta lacum S. Joannis " but he used a name 



already applied years before to a European Species to wliich the name S. 



Elaeagnos ScopoU is referred by Koehne and other authors. Koehnc placed 



S. Candida in the same group with S. irjcana but the latter has more or 

 less united filaments whicli are pubescent, yellowish bracts with short 

 hairs, and glabrous ovaries while in S. Candida the filaments are free and 

 glabrous, the bracts brownish or bicolor with long hairs, and the ovaries 

 are densely tomcntose. There are other differences too between the two 

 species which can by no means be regarded as even distantly related to 

 each other. The true affinity of S. Candida is very doubtful. It has been 

 placed with many different species as may be seen by the synonymy of 

 the section as quoted above. I am, however, not convinced tliat any of 

 the authors have put it in its right place, therefore I hold to my view 

 that 5. Candida represents a section of its own. Its main character is the 

 distinct opace tomentum which may be called pseudofarinaceous or floc- 

 cose. This character combined with the habit, the more or less linear 

 shape of the rugulose leaves, the brownish bracts, the young purplish an- 

 thers, and the mostly purpurascent or reddish styles and stigmas makes 

 S. Candida one of the most peculiar of Willow^s. From tlie species of Sect. 

 Glaucae it chiefly differs in the absence of a second gland in tlie male 



flowers. 



All the characters of S. Candida are very constant, only llie shape of the 

 leaves varies to a certain degree in the more northern specimens. Andcr- 

 sson distinguished a var. tomentosa which is nothing but the type and a 

 var. denndata. The identity of this is rather difficult to determine because 

 Andersson did not cite a type nor a locality. He only said: '* foliis supra 

 glabrescentibus subaequalibus subtus tomento rariori vel obsoleto fere 

 virescentibus vel etiam glaucescentibus." It is possible that Andersson 

 had before him one of the frequent hybrids of S. Candida, I adopt, how- 

 ever, the view taken by Fernald who gives the name var. denndata to 

 all those forms with glabrescent or almost glabrous mature leaves which 

 in pubescence or in floral characters cannot be separated from typical S. 

 Candida, There are some forms of the Gaspe Peninsula with long fruiting 

 aments which probably represent another variety not identical witli var. 



denudata. 



Richardson's >S. Candida (3 rngosa, the type of which came from the North- 

 west Territories is an uncertain form. His statement " foliis , . . 

 cxstipulatis " points to a species different from S. Candida. I have not 

 yet ha<l an opportunity to see the type specimen. Andersson's form of 

 iS. tristis mentioned in the synonymy is likewise very doubtful, and may 

 represent a hybrid with 8. Candida, 



The Hoary Willow is a species usually found in cold bogs and Tamarack 

 swamps, where it may be recognized at once by its stiff habit and by its 



