1920] SCHNEIDER, NOTES ON AMERICAN WILLOWS. IX 



be retained, and under which S. hrachystacliys Benth. and 5. capreoides, 

 And., would be placed as striking modifications." He does not say how to 

 distinguish the last two forms but he states that they " exhibit an intricate 

 diversity of forms which defy the drawing of any line between them.*' In 

 1895, Bebb decided not to use the name Scouleriana at all, and said *' we, 

 therefore, fall back upon S. capreoideSy Anders., as next in point of date/* 

 Strange to say he did not apply the older name S. brachystachys which he 

 himself had cited in 1870 as a synonym. By this Bebb almost more than 

 Andersson added to the confusion in the nomenclature of the group of diffi- 

 cult forms M-hich are now referred to S. Scouleriana. In 1895, Sargent stated 



fl 



II 



looking entirely S. siagnalis Nuttall, and not considering S. brachystachys 

 Bentham, while he transferred var. capreoides to S. NuttaUiL In his Silva 

 (1896) Sargent kept S. NuUallii with var. capreoides and var. brachystachys 

 which he said was the *' most abundant "Willow in western Washington and 

 Oregon." In doing so he used the name brachystachys for what for the most 

 part is typical Scouleriana which is pictured on his plate 483. 



Ball in dealing wdth our species in 1899, kept the name S. flavescens, and 

 rejected Scouleriana, Besides the iypics^ flavescens of the mountains he dis- 

 tinguislied like Bebb the form of the coast as var. capreoides sensu Bebb. 

 Coville in 1901 used the name NuttaUii " until a critical revision of these 



willows has been made." Howell (1902) and Piper (1906) took up the name 

 Scoidcriana again, and Ball followed them in 1909 and 1915, The last 

 valuable remarks on this species were made by J. K. Henry (1915) whose 

 treatment I shall discuss later. 



From what I have already explained we may draw the conclusion that 

 the oldest name is S. Scouleriana^ and that if we reject it on account of its 

 being a mixture of two species, S. stagnalis Nutt- would be the next oldest 

 name to adopt. There is however no valid reason to abandon Barratt's 

 name. Regarding the nomenclature of the varieties we have to adopt prin- 

 ciples in accordance with the international rules. 



T]ie type of 5. Scouleriana came from the northern coast (Vancouver), 



and that of 5. brachystachys and S. capreoides from the Californian coast. 



H we separate, as Bebb and Ball (in 1899) did the mountain form (which is 



S.flavescens sensu stricto), this ought to be called S, Scouleriana flarescens 



because all the other varieties hitherto made including var. tenuijuHs and 



var. crassijulis And. refer to the coast form. Unfortunately, Henry, in 



1915, made the combination iS. Scouleriana flarescens for a form which is 



*' common on V.L"; therefore, his name does not apply to the mountain 



form. 



5. Scouleriana has a wide range extending from the Yukon Territory 



througli British Columbia and southern Alaska (to Cook Inlet), to the Black 

 Hills in South Dakota, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona* and along the 

 coast to southern California. It is easy to understand that within this range 



the species must show rem-arkable degrees of variation. Geographically thej:e 



