28 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [vol. ii 



beyond llorisha and 3353 m.high. I paid two visits to Ari-san and from 

 lliere journeyed over the mountains eastward and ascended to the summit 

 of Mt. Morrison. Sev^eral other districts were visited Including the moun- 

 tains of Shinchiku prefecture and the volcanic area of Mt. Daiton northwest 

 of Taihoku. It is thus apj)arent that I had ample oj)portunities for seeing 

 and gathering information about the flora of the island. Furthermore, to 

 my great good fortune Mr. R. Kanehira, Director of the Government 

 Experimental Station of Forestry, and his assistant, S. Sasaki, were my 

 companions on many trips including that to the summit of Mt. Morrison. 

 On other excursions Y. Shimada accompanied me. These gentlemen have 

 a very intimate knowledge of the flora which they freely imparted, and but 

 for their help and tuition I should have been lost among the wealth of 

 species and forms. It is with great pleasure that I recall the delightful days 

 we spent together and the earnestness with which they labored to make 

 my journeys pleasant and profitable. To them and to the Government of 

 Formosa my best thanks are now offered for the help they gave which con- 

 tributed so largely toward the success of the Arnold Arboretum Expedition. 

 On the mountains of Formosa are the finest forests of eastern Asia and 

 the largest {Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum.) and the tallest {Tai- 

 wania cry ptomerioidea 'H.a.y,) coniferous trees known outside of California. 

 From sea-level upward the dominant forest-features are Tree Figs, Laura- 

 ceae, evergreen Fagaceae and Conifers. No Cycad is indigenous and of the 

 three genera of Taxaceae found in Formosa only Podocarpus is common. 

 Pinaceae is represented by 11 genera and on the higher mountains its mem- 

 bers form extensive forests both mixed with broad-leaf trees and pure. 

 Considering the warm climate, the Palm family is poorly represented by 

 five genera and of these only Phoenix Ilanceana Naudin, Diclymospcrnia 

 Engleri Warb. and Calamus Margaritae Ilance are common. The Calamus 

 is one of the principal lianas of the forest and yields slender rattans of 

 excellent quality. The broad-leaf trees are mostly evergreen and dominate 

 from sea-level up to altitudes of 5000 m. Deciduous-leaved trees are com- 

 paratively rare though in certain districts Liquidamhar formosana Ilance is 

 common, and in open alluvial areas and mountain valleys like those beyond 

 llorisha and elsewhere in Nanlo prefecture forms pure woods. More 

 plentiful is Alnus formosana Mak., perhaps the most common deciduous- 

 leaved tree on the island. It is found from soa-level to 2500 m. aUitude and 

 is the first tree to spring up on bare slopes and after landslides. On its 



roots a nitrifying mycorrhiza is found as on other species of Alnus. The 

 usefulness of this tree as a fertilizing awnt is well-known to the Savaire 



o-^ 



who plant it in their exhausted Millett fields for the purpose of restoring 

 fertility, and after a few years cut it down and plant Millett again. 



Such northern genera as Fagus, Uhnus, Carpinus, Mains and Alnus 

 reach the southern limits of their range in Formosa, and deciduous-leaved 

 Oaks are represented by one species {Q. variabilis lil.) only, and this, 

 though it occasionally forms pure woods as beyond llorisha and Musha, 

 does not grow to a large size. The presence of an endemic sj)ecles of Beech 



