3'^ JOFRXAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [vol. ii 



and on Alnus Jormosana Mak. a Mistletoe is a bad jjcst. ^Icst of I lie broad- 

 leaf trees have buttressed boles and their average height is from 80 to 120 ft. 

 with a girth of from 9 to 15 ft. Rich in variety is the vegetation of these 

 forests and most impressive are the trees in lofty stature, size and grandeur. 

 Above 3000 m. broad-leaf trees play a minor part in the composition of 

 the forests. Shrubs, more es])ecially those belonging to northern genera, 

 increase in munber and the variety is considerable, but Conifers everywhere 

 predomitialc. West of Ari-san toward Mt. Morrison up to 3S00 m. altitude 

 a Spruce {ricea viorrisonicoJa Hay.) and a Hemlock {rsuga chlnensis 

 Pritz.) witJi rinus taiiianensis Hay. and P. Armandi Frauch. are almost 

 the only large trees. They grow first with broaddcaf trees and liigher up 

 on the mountains form pure stands or forests of themselves. At their 

 highest level they are associated with Abies Kawakamii Hay. which be- 

 tween 3500 and 3800 m. forms extensive pure forests e.\cc])t for occasional 

 trees^ of Jumpcrus squamata Lamb. West of INIusha on Noko-san and 

 Kiraishiu the Conifer-zone is between 2500 to 3300 m. The Pines have 

 been sufficiently mentioned but the others deserve a word or two. The 

 Tsuga is fi)und at altitudes of from 2500 to 3300 m. and in rocky places 

 often forms extensive and semi-pure woods. At its best it is the most 

 pictures(iuely beautiful of all Formosan Conifers. Trees 30 ft. in girth of 

 trunk with thick, wide-spreading branches forming massive tabuliform 

 crowns and from 80 to 120 ft. tall are common. Tlie bark is nearly white 

 on the outer surface, red-brown witliin, i)apery and scaling. Nowhere in 

 my travels have I seen such magnificent Tsuga-trces as those which grow 

 round Noko beyond :\rusha in the western limits of the Nanto prefecture. 

 The ricea I saw only west of Ari-san. It is a lofty tree, in sheltered 

 places fully 150 ft. tall, but usually is less than 100 ft. high and in girth of 

 trunk from 10 to 20 ft. The leaves are dark green and slender and the 

 aspect of the tree decidedly sombre. The bark is gray and .separates in 

 round tliin scales. The Abies is a handsome -species witJi very resinous 

 violct-i)urplc cones, and nearly white bark, scaly and fissured into irregular, 

 oblong plates. It grows from 50 to 120 ft. tall and from !<. 15 ft. in girth 

 of trunk. On wiudswejit slopes above Noko and at its altitudinal limits 

 on Mt. Morrison it is reduced to a bush from 5 to 8 ft. high. The tree is 

 pyramidal in habit with horizontally disposed branches, and its blunt leaves 

 are dark green abo^'c and silvery below. The dwarf Bamboos already men- 

 tioned form the ]iriiicipal undergrowth up to about 3500 m. and above this 

 Rhododendron Morii Hay. and R. pscudochnjsanthum Hay. i>redominate. 

 Occasional bu.shcs of Rihes Jormosanum Hay., Berhcri.^ morrisonicola Hay., 

 B.hreri.srpaJa Hay., B. 7ningctsens{s Hay., Loniccra oiwakensis Tbiy., Rom 

 morn'souen.^ia Hay., R, (ransmorrL'^onensis Hay. and other shrubs with 

 Rubus^ randaicm^is Hay. and other species occur, and Sorbiis rcmdaiensi.s 

 Hay. is a small and fairly common tree. On bare rocks and heath-like 

 pastures GauUhena bornecnsis'^iixi){, Vaccinium Merrdliannm Hay., Rnhus 

 cuh/rinoides Hay. and Coioneader morrixoncn.sis Hay. form extensive mats. 

 The Cotnneaslcr has small, shining, evergreen leaves, conspicuous white 



