oust Publlmtied 

 344 Pages 105 IllustPations 15s. net. Postage Is. 



PRACTICAL ZOOLOGY 



FOR 



MEDICAL & JUNIOR STUDENTS 



By 

 J. D. F. GILCHRIST, M.A., D.Sc, Ph.D. 



Professor of Zoology in the University of Cape Town. 

 AND 



C. von BONDE, M.A. 



Lecturer in Zoology in the University of Cape Town. 



PREFACE 



This boolk is Intended for Students of Elementary Zoology. The part dealing with the 

 Fr<ic and the Pl^itana or Clawed Toad has been in use for some time at Cape Town 

 University, and has proved so valuable an aid to the work in the practical classes that 

 othor types have now been added in this new and enlarged edition. 



Being specially adapted for the requirements of students in South Africa, the 

 book contains descriptions of certain South African types which are not dealt with in 

 other practical manuals ; and, at the suggestion of the publishers, in order to make the 

 wort useful for other students, the principal European types, which are sometimes 

 usf:d in South Africa, have also been described. 



It is recommended that the Frog be studied first, as it is particularly suitable 

 flor an introduction to the subject. The other types may be taken in any order 

 convenient. 



The instructions given throughout the text will be clearly understood by 'reference 

 to the numerous figures. The figures are not to be copied by the student. A drawing 

 -of ilio actual dissection is to be made on 'the blank page provided; and the student 

 should be prepared to point out the various parts to the teacher. 



The instructions can be followed without preliminary lectures, and are designed 

 for the use of medical students and others whose course in General Zoology may be 

 'induly restricted by the inclusion of anatomical details. A short lecture course is often 

 overburdened with these details, which, we think, can much better be given in the 

 form of a practical handbook. 



Trith a few exceptions, the figures are original and have been drawn from actual 

 disi>«'C-tions. 



The publishers particularly desire to express their thanks to Mr. Robert A. Staig 

 (formerly Demonstrator of Zoology) School of Medicine of the Royal Colleges, Edinburgh, 

 and University of Glasgow), for the continual assistance of his advice in the prepara- 

 tion of this publication for the press, and for the excellence of his work in reading 

 the proofs and compiling the index. J. !>• F. G. 



Zoological Labokatoby, 



UXIVEBSITT OF CaPE ToWX, 



1922. 



CONTENTS 



The PEOTEtrs Animalcule (Amoeba 



protevs) 

 The Slipper Animalccxe (Paramccinm} 



MOXOCTSTIS 



Sponges (Porifera) 



The Fresh-Water Poltp (Hydra \ The Lancelet (Amphioxus, syn 



The Snail (Helix aspersa) 



The Fresh-Water Mijssel (Anodontn 



cygnea) and the Common Marine 



Mussel (Mytilus edulis) 



Branchiostoma lanceolatug) 



The Spiny Dogfish (AcanthiaSj, syn. 

 Squahis) or the Spotted Dogfish 

 (Scyllium), and the Skate (Raia) 



The Frog (Rana) ; the Platana or 

 Clawed Toad (Xenopus) 



The Pigeon (Columba livia, var. 



viridis) 

 The Sea- Anemone (Actinia) 

 The Liver-Fluke (Fa8Ciola or 



Distoma hepatica) 

 The Tape-Worm (Taenia) 

 The Earth-Worm (Lumbricus terrestris) 

 The Medicinal Leech (Hirudo 



medicimlis) 

 The Cockroach (Periplaneta ! "^ "" dome«ttca ) 



americana) j 



The Fresh-Water Crayfish (Astacue) The Rabbit (Lepus cuniculus) 



and The Cape Crawfish (Jasiis I A Classification of the above Types 



lalandii) ' Index 



EDINBURGH 

 E. & S. LIVINGTONE 



16 and 17 TEVIOT PLACE 

 1922 



