THE FLORA. 



145 



The smaller leaf could hardly have been over 

 6 centimeters in length. 



In shape and size this species is near 

 Malapoenna cuneata I^owlton," from the 

 Yellowstone National Park, but it differs 

 essentially in the fewer, more acute-angled 

 secondaries. 



Occurrence: Laramie formation, dump of 

 Rex mine No. 1, Louisville, Colo., collected by 

 A. C. Peale, 1908. 



Cinnamomum affine Lesquereux. 



Plate VIII, figure 4; Plate XVII, figure 6. 



Cinnamomum affine Lesquereux, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., 

 vol. 4.5, p. 206, 1868; U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey 

 Terr. Ann. Rapt, for 1869 [reprint, 1873], p. 169; 

 idem for 1872, p. 383, 1873; idem for 1873, p. 401, 

 1874; Tertiary flora: U. S. Geol. Survey Terr. Kept., 

 vol. 7, p. 21f>, pi. 37, figs. 1-4, 7 [not fig. 5, which = 

 Ficus trinervu Knowlton]. 

 Knowlton, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 163, p. 69, pi. 14, 



fig. 2, 1900. 

 Cockerell, Torreya, vol. 9, p. 142, 1909. 



For many years there has been much con- 

 fusion concerning this species, but it is believed 

 that there are now sufficient data at hand to 

 clear up most of this uncertainty. Cinna- 

 momum affine was named by Lesquereux" in 

 1868 and based on material from "Marshall's 

 mine, near Denver," Colo., but it was neither 

 described nor figured at that time. It was 

 next mentioned the following year, when 

 Hayden reproduced Lesquereux's article with- 

 out change in his Third Annual Report of the 

 United States Geological Survey of the Terri- 

 tories." It was briefly alluded to but not 

 described by Lescjuereux" in discussing material 

 from Marshall collected by himself in 1872. 

 He was then undecided as to whether it was 

 really distinct from his Cinnamomum mis- 

 sissippiense, from what is now known as the 

 Wilcox group of the Gulf region. The follow- 

 ing year Lesquereux-" wrote of it as follows: 



From the comparison of a large number of specimens 

 representing various forms of this species, it proves to be, 

 as I had supposed, a mere variety of C. mississippieiise. 

 The species is common at Golden and found in the whole 

 thickness of the North American lignitic measures. 



Cinnamomum affine was first figured and 

 properly described in the "Tertiary flora," 



le U. S. Geol. Survey Mon. 32, pt. 2, p. 726, pi. 92, figs. 2-4, 1899. 



I. Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 45, p. 205, 1868. 



" Reprint, 1873, p. 196. 



" U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Terr. SLxth Ann. Rept., p. 383, 1873. 



M U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Terr. Ann. Rept. (or 1873, p. 401, 1874. 



published in 1878, or 10 years after it had been 

 named. In discussing it Lesquereux says: 



I have been for a long time undecided in regard to the 

 possible identity of this northern species with the beauti- 

 ful C. mississippiense Lesquereux, communicated by Prof. 

 E. W. Hilgard. From the larger size of the Mississippi 

 leaf, more enlarged below the middle, its more rugose 

 nervation, and the greater distance of the lateral nerves 

 from the borders, I came to the conclusion that the leaves 

 from Golden did represent a new species, or at least a 

 diminutive variety of C. mississippiense. 



In any event it was kept distinct from the 

 Gulf species, and subsequent study of larger 

 and better collections has confirmed this view. 



Lesquereux expressed some doubt as to 

 whether the specimen illustrated in figure 7 of 

 Plate XXXVII in the "Tertiary flora" was 

 conspecific with the others but added that as 

 it was "found upon the same piece of shaly 

 hard sandstone as the leaves of figures 1-3," 

 it could not be separated from them. He 

 further stated that the leaf depicted in his figure 

 4 was the specimen first obtained from 

 Marshall's mine, Colo., and this is undoubtedly 

 the type of the species. Unfortunately, neither 

 this specimen nor the originals of Lesquereux's 

 figures 1-3 can now be found in the United 

 States National Museum, where they should 

 be, and their location is unknown. However, 

 the originals of figures 5 and 7 of Plate XXXVII 

 of the "Tertiary flora" are in the Museum (No. 

 312) and came from Golden, Colo. They are 

 preserved in hard whitish sandstone and hence 

 are referable to the Laramie. So far as known 

 this species has not subsequently been found 

 at Golden. 



Although a considerable collection from 

 Marshall, the type locality, has been studied in 

 the present connection, no examples of Cin- 

 namomum affine were found, but Cockerell ^' 

 reports finding it there in connection with what 

 he has identified as Juglans leconteana. He 

 states that it comes from a relatively high level. 



The leaf shown in Plate VIII, figure 4, came 

 from Cowan station, about 10 miles south of 

 Denver, Colo.; it is indistinguishable from fig- 

 ures 1, 3, and 4 of Plate XXXVII of the 

 "Tertiary flora." 



In this connection it may be well to correct 

 a number of erroneous references that have long 

 been current regarding Cinnamamum affine. 

 Thus, it was said to be very common in the 



" Cockerell, T. D. A., Torreya, vol. 9, p. 142, 1909. 



