AMERICAN PIPIT 35 



In the sand hills of North Carolina Mr. Skinner ( 1928) saw pipits 

 "only in the largest hay fields, winter-wheat fields, old cornfields 

 where the stalks are all down, and in old cowpea fields." He did not 

 find them in plowed fields. In Florida it is a common winter resident, 

 abundant in the more northern parts ; we found it on the Kissimmee 

 Prairie and on old fields and marshes elsewhere; A. H. Howell (1932) 

 says that it is occasionally seen on sand dunes and sea beaches. M. G. 

 Vaiden tells me that it occurs in Mississippi as a migrant in both 

 spring and fall, and "occasionally in winter in great numbers. They 

 are usually found on the slopes of the levee ; I have noted flocks of at 

 least 200 feeding on the levee." 



Mr. Cogswell (MS. ) says of the winter status of the pipit in southern 

 California: "This species is a common winter visitant in all suitable 

 localities below snow level ; I have found it most abundantly on wet 

 pasturelands and in the fields bordering coastal marshes, but they 

 are also present in any fields with short or no vegetation. On Febru- 

 ary 10, 1940, they were particularly abundant in the Chino Creek 

 Valley and all over the nearby rolling hills, where flocks of hundreds 

 foraged on the ground between the rows of growing grain, which 

 completely hid them from view until they flew." 



DISTRIBUTION 



Range. — The species is circumpolar, breeding in Europe, Asia, and 

 northern North America and wintering south to northern Africa, 

 southern Asia, and Central America. 



Breeding range, — The breeding range of the American races of the 

 pipit is in the Arctic- Alpine regions north to northern Alaska (Meade 

 River, about 100 miles south of Point Barrow, and Collison Point) ; 

 northern Yukon (Herschel Island) ; northern Mackenzie (Kittigazuit, 

 Franklin Bay, and Coronation Gulf) ; southern Somerset Island (Fort 

 Ross) ; northern Baffin Island (Arctic Bay and Ponds Inlet) ; and 

 about 75° north latitude on the west coast of Greenland (Devils Thumb 

 Island). East to west coast of Greenland (Devils Thumb Island 

 and Upernivik) ; eastern Baffin Island (Eglinton Fjord, Cumberland 

 Sound, and Frobisher Bay) ; Labrador (Port Burwell, Hebron, Okkak, 

 and Battle Harbor) ; Newfoundland (Cape Norman, Twillingate, and 

 Cape Bonavista) . South to Newfoundland (Cape Bonavista and the 

 Lewis Hills), southeastern Quebec (Grosse Isle, Magdalen Islands 

 rarely; Mount Albert and Tablet op, Gaspe Peninsula); northern 

 Maine (summit of Mount Katahdin) ; northern Ontario (Moose Fac- 

 tory) ; northern Manitoba (Churchill) ; central Mackenzie (Artillery 

 Lake and Fort Providence) ; southwestern Alberta (Banff National 

 Park) ; western Montana (Glacier National Park, Big Snowy Moun- 



