TERRA-COTTA ROOFING-TILES. 33 



This broad tile bedded in stucco is also used as a ridge- 

 tile as shown in the last figure (fig. 42). This tile is a 

 direct survival of the ancient Roman tile which in turn 

 has been derived from the Greeks, unless both Greeks 

 and Romans were indebted to the Etruscans for it. The 

 modern tile is much smaller and thinner. It is often rep- 

 resented in the pictures of old Italian masters (fig. 43). 

 (From a painting b}' Botticelli in Dresden gallery.) 



Fig. 43. 

 A modern tile, probably interlocking, quite small in 

 size, but made somewhat after the style of the tile last 

 described, is occasionally seen. The tegula tapirs much 

 \more abruptly and is used as an imbrex. 



ANCIENT ITALY. 



The ancient Roman tile consists of a large flat rectan- 

 gular tegula with lateral edges turned up, and a narrow 

 semi-cylindrical or angular imbrex, both tegula and imbrex 

 being heavy and massive. 



At the Antiquarian Museum at Zurich are a number of 

 ancientRoman tiles; these have the lateral edges abruptly 

 turned up, the imbrex is angular in section (fig. 44). On 

 the exposed and lower edge of the tegula are a few curved 

 marks as if made by the fingers. As these marks are seen 

 on similar Roman tiles at the Royal Antiquarian Museum 

 at Brussels and elsewhere, it would seem to be a special 

 furnace-mark of the maker, or possibly to indicate the 

 lower end of the tile. On the under surface of each tegula, 



ESSEX INST. BULLETIN, VOL. XXIV 5 



