i6o 



The Field Naturalist ' s Quarterly 



May 



ripe and moist give off, on the pressure of surrounding 

 turgid cells, minute spores. At the same time some algal 

 cells are forced out on to the surface of the apothecium, 

 so that some, at least, of the fungal spores find at once, 

 on germination, the necessary companion for their well- 

 being. The apothecia are supposed to be the result of the 

 union of certain differentiated hyphal threads in the body 

 of the lichen. 



Thus does the social life among the plant -world work 

 smoothly on, each one performing just what is expected of 

 it, no more and no less, else would the little colonies soon 

 come to grief. 



Lists of Summer Migrants. 



By W. Percival Westell, M.B.O.U. 



I. Where our Summer Migrants spend the Winter. 



Blackcap 



Chiffchaff 



Corncrake 



Spotted Crake 



Cuckoo 



Stone-Curlew 



Turtle-Dove 



8. Hobby Falcon 



9. Pied Flycatcher 



10. Spotted Flycatcher 



11. House-Martin 



12. Sand-Martin 



13. Nightingale 



14. Nightjar 



15. Ring-Ousel 



16. Tree-Pipit 



17. Kentish Plover 



18. Quail 



19. Redstart 



20. Common Sandpiper 



21. Red-backed Shrike 



22. Swallow 



23. Swift 



24. Yellow Wagtail 



Northern Africa and Southern Europe. 

 Shores of the Mediterranean. 

 Algeria, Egypt, Asia Minor, and Palestine. 

 Africa and India. 



Central Africa and Southern India. 

 Temperate Europe, Northern Africa, and South- 

 western Asia. 

 Northern Africa, Egypt, and Nubia. 

 Africa and India. 

 Africa. 



South of Abyssinia. 

 India, Africa. 

 Africa. 



India and Africa. 



Northern and Central Africa, and Asia Minor. 

 Africa, Persia, and India. 

 Africa, India, and Southern China. 

 Inhabits the Palearctic region and whole of Africa, 

 and migrates from Northern Europe during winter. 

 Northern Africa. 

 Africa. 



Ethiopia and India. 

 Africa. 



