1903 Kilpcck Parish Church 2>Z1 



of light. This flat chevron is of earlier date than the 

 ridge or open chevron ; and it presents a better idea of 

 waves of light than of light and shade. Notice the early 

 attempts of trefoil (incorrectly called fleur-de-lis) on the 

 imposts ; also the tonsure on the hooded heads of the 

 lowest figures on the shafts. 



Next, we look at the sanctuary arch. It is semicircular 

 and quite plain. Beyond it is the apsidal sanctuary with 

 tiny round-headed windows. The chevron ornament is 

 carved on the roof-ribs and over the heads of the windows. 

 At the intersections of the roof-ribs are four faces looking 

 towards four directions ; and these are fierce-looking feline 

 (maybe lions') faces, and they certainly cannot (as they are 

 said to) symbolise the four Gospels. If they represent 

 anything, I should say that they very incorrectly represent 

 the four living creatures in Ezekiel i. 10. I am aware 

 that the lion may stand for the Lion of Judah ; but then 

 the four faces would be the four aspects of the divine 

 working. The zigzags would represent glory. Thus, in 

 plain language, the ornaments carved on the roof of the 

 sanctuary would represent Christ as the Lion of Judah in 

 the midst of glory. 



British Field Zoology. 



By various Writers. 



CHAPTER IV. SPONGES. 



By H. E. Forrest. 



What is a sponge? The older naturalists thought it was a vegetable 

 growth, and, even at the present day, to the lay mind, knowing only the 

 sponge of commerce, this appears a very rational conclusion. Many 

 naturalists too, unless they have studied the group, have an indistinct 

 idea that sponges are intermediate between animals and vegetables. 

 That a sponge is purely animal will be abundantly clear from the details 

 which follow, though its exact position in the animal kingdom is not easy 

 of determination, since it possesses features which are characteristic of 

 the Protozoa on the one hand, and of the Metazoa on the other. 



A living sponge consists of two parts — (1) a skeleton, which may be 

 either fleshy, horny, siliceous, or calcareous ; (2) a thin, transparent 

 slime, covering the skeleton and lining all its cavities. 



