96 A SUPPOSED NEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT. 



the portion of the 6in. Ordnance Map printed with Mr. Hohnes' 

 remarks on page 123, and more precisely in the Plan drawn up by 

 Mr. Reader, on the 25in. Ord. Scale, with the accompanying 

 explanations (page 97). 



The Relative Position of the Alluvial Beds. 

 This will be best understood by a reference to the dia- 

 gramatic outline sketch of the order of the deposits which 

 I have draAvn up (see diagram on p. 98) and to the 

 Relic - Table on page 103. I have divided the Brick- 

 earth, including the sandy ballast bed at the base, into five 

 layers. Commencing with the lowest, the beds are reckoned in 

 upward order. Below all these lies the London Clay, and on 



Explanation of Plan. Fig. r. 

 The shaded portion adjoining the river represents :- from A to C the 

 part excavated befoi"e Mr. Kenworth3''s arrival in Braintree ; from C to D 

 the part excavated under Mr. Kenworthy's observation ; from D to E a 

 portion of the layer No. II. uncovered to the 9ft. level and about to be 

 excavated. From E to F an unexcavated portion of the beds. F to G a 

 small portion dug out to the lowest level. 



The distribution of the principal relics is as follows : — 



A — B. The flint knife (fig. 7). The workman say that more 

 relics were found in this end of the excavations formerly, 

 than at present. 

 B -C. Red deer skull with antlers sawn off (Plate II). Human 



frontal; antler haft (fig. 9). 

 C — D. Three red deer antlers, possibly used as picks. Bone handle 



(fig. 14). Antler handle (fig. 11). 

 F — G. Flint arrow-head (fig. 8). 



F.W.R. 



the slopes of the valley, at a little distance from the river, there 

 is a Pleistocence Brick-earth deposit, from which mammoth 

 bones and Palaeolithic '' flint-flakes " have been taken by myself. 

 The mammoth tooth, with bones of ox and horse, are in my 

 collection previously deposited at the Field Club's Museum. 



I. — The Ballast. This is the sand and gravel of the early 

 river-bed, previous to the silting up. The place of this firs: 

 bed is eroded out of London Clay. 



IL — This constitutes the Neolithic [?j Bed where the 

 earliest relics in point of age are found. It is partly made 

 up of peaty clay, black mud, and sand, and the accumula- 

 tions of the debris of the Lake-dwellers. It contained the 

 objects which I shall describe below. The depth from the 

 turf is about 6 feet, and for about 3 feet it contains stone- 

 aire relics. 



