Nov. i6, 1914 



Revegetation of Range Lands 



97 



range forage, 

 are: 



These, arranged in the order of their local forage value, 



Mountain bunch-grass (Festuca -viridula). 

 Little bluegrass (Poa sandbergii). 

 Short-awned brome-grass (Bromus mar- 



ginatus). 

 Western porcupine, or needle grass (Siipa 



occidentalis) . 

 Smooth wild rye (Elymus glaucus). 

 Tufted hair-grass (Deschampsia caespitosa). 

 Wild celery {Ligusiicum oreganum). 

 Onion grass, or mountain bluegrass 



{Melica bella). 

 Red bunch-grass (Agropyron flexuosum). 

 Mountain wheat -grass {Agropyron viola- 



ceum). 

 Yarrow, or wild tansy {Achillea lanulosa). 

 Spiked trisetum {Trisetum spicatum.) 

 Butterweed {Senecio triangularis). 

 Coneflower (Rudbeckia occidentalis). 

 Wild buckwheat {Polygonum phytolaccae- 



folium). 

 Alpine timothy {Phleum alpinum). 

 Horsemint (Agastache urticifolia). 

 Wood rush (Juncoides glabraium). 

 Nuttall willow {Salix nutallii). 

 Fireweed {Ckamaenerion angusti/olium). 

 Mountain dandelion {Agoseris glauca). 



Mountain onion {Allium validum). 



Little needle grass {Stipa minor). 



Wild onion {.Allium plaiyphy litem). 



Wild onion {Allium collinum). 



Tall swamp-grass {Carex exsiccata). 



False hellebore {Veratrum viride). 



Valerian {Valeriana siichensis) . 



Alpine redtop {Agrostis rossae). 



Blue beardtongue {Pentstemon procerus). 



Elk-grass {Carex geyeri). 



Skunkweed, or Jacob 's-ladder {Poletmy- 



nium humile). 

 Sheep sedge {Carex illota). 

 Reed-grass {Cinna latifolia). 

 Woolly weed, or woolly hieracium (Hiera- 



cium cynoglossoides). 

 Onion grass, or mountain bluegrass {Melica 



spectabilis). 

 Wire sedge {Carex hoodii). 

 Tall meadow grass {Panicularia nervata). 

 Slender hair-grass (Deschampsia elongaia). 

 Rush {Juncus confusus). 

 White foxtail {Sitanion velutinum). 

 Parry 's-rush {Juncus parryi). 

 Rush (Juncus mertensianits). 

 Rush (Juncus orihophyllus). 



Throughout the Hudsonian zone mountain bunch-grass {Fesluca viri- 

 dula) is by far the most abundant plant and the most desirable to reveg- 

 etate. The relish with which several of the other species are grazed and 

 their similar altitudinal range and abundance made it very difiScult to 

 determine which one ranks next in value, and the arrangement presented 

 was not finally decided upon untU after the third year's investigation. 



Growth usually begins in the Hudsonian zone about the last week in 

 June, and stock are given access to the lands early in July. 



Arctic-Alpine Zone. — The Arctic-Alpine, or timberless, zone is not 

 only unfavorable to tree growth, but to grazing plants as well. As 

 shown in Plate XIV, figure i, the zone is confined to the very highest 

 crests and peaks, where the soil is shallow and poorly decomposed, the 

 season of growth short, and nightly frosts common. Owing to the 

 virtual lack of grazing in this region, it was not thought necessary to 

 measure accurately the climatic factors. 



The species of the Hudsonian zone are for the most part entirely 

 absent in the Arctic- Alpine. Among the characteristic alpine plants are 

 cat's-foot {Eriogonum piperi), whitlow-wort {Draba aureola), Hoorebekia 



