128 Journal of Agricultural Research voi. m. No. . 



sary nutrients and so can not withstand as much disturbance of the soil. 

 After the lands had been grazed and sufficient time had been allowed for 

 the vegetation to recover, each quadrat was again observed and notes 

 taken on the total number and identity of the forage seedlings which 

 remained, the number of seedUngs found dead, the number unaccounted 

 for, the number whose recovery was doubtful, and the condition of the 

 remaining seedlings at the time of the recounts. 



At Medium Elevations. — The entire area studied slopes to the west 

 and has a minimum altitude of 5,500 feet and a maximum which brings 

 it into the lower Hudsonian zone. The topography is so irregular and 

 there is so much down timber that the herbage can be grazed only under 

 the most skillful open herding. The lower portion of the range is of the 

 browse type, the much relished Nuttall willow predominating. The 

 undergrowth consists of a host of weedy species, such as fireweed and its 

 associates, with a scattering of smooth wild rye and short-awned brome- 

 grass (PI. XXIII). At the highest limits of Nuttall willow, seedlings 

 of these species, on account of the shorter growing season, were not 

 developed to the same extent as at the lower altitudes. 



The forage stand in existence before and after grazing is shown in 

 Tables VIII and IX. 



