Mar. 35, 1915 Energy Values of Feeding Stuffs for Cattle 



485 



Net energy values of feeding stuffs per kilogram of dry mailer: Kelltur's restilts 



Feeding stuff. 



Gross 

 energy. 



Losses of 

 chemical 

 energy'. 



Energi- 

 expended 



in feed 



consunjp- 



tion. 



Net 

 energy 

 values. 



Meadow hay .... 



Oat straw 



Wheat straw . . . , 

 Extracted straw. 

 "Grass hay" " . . 



Rowen " 



Barley straw " . . 

 Clover hay o , . . 



Starch 



Peanut oil 



Wheat gluten . . . 

 Beet molasses . . . 



Calories. 

 4,433 

 4,436 

 4,444 

 4, 147 



Calories. 

 2, 260 

 2,848 

 3,062 

 1,013 



4, 152 

 9,457 

 5,579 

 3,743 



I, lOI 



4,165 



1,974 



945 



Calorics. 

 1,254 

 1,014 



1,138 



1, 160 



1,045 

 958 

 877 

 932 



1,248 



1,727 



2, 096 



Calories. 



919 



574 



244 



1,974 



803 



747 

 747 

 811 

 1,803 

 3,56s 

 1,509 

 1,810 



a As estimated on page 478. 



Very striking is the relatively low value for alfalfa hay, due in part to 

 somewhat large losses in the excreta but chiefly to its marked effect in 

 stimulating the metabolism. It is needless to add that this loss does not 

 affect its special value as a source of protein, but as a source of energy it 

 appears to have been distinctly inferior to timothy hay or even to maize 

 stover. 



APPLICATION OF RESULTS TO OTHER FEEDING STUFFS 



It is obviously impracticable to apply the laborious methods of respi- 

 ration and calorimeter experiments to all the vast number of feeding 

 stuffs now in use. It is necessary to select a few typical representatives 

 of different groups and to endeavor to apply the results obtained as 

 well as possible to other similar materials. This Kellner sought to do 

 in his later and as yet unpublished experiments. In the practical appli- 

 cation of his results, however, Kellner failed to free himself from the 

 older point of view. Aside from what seems to us the unfortunate and 

 unnecessary concession to established usage involved in expressing energy 

 values in tenns of matter, he approached the whole problem, as was 

 quite natural, along the lines of the prevailing chemical methods. Deter- 

 mining first the net energy values of the simple nutrients, he applied 

 these values to the digestible nutrients of feeding stuffs and found that 

 in most cases the resulting energy values were materially higher than 

 those obtained by direct experiments on animals. In the case of coarse 

 fodders this deficit in the obser\'ed energy values was found to be approxi- 

 mately proportional to the total content of crude fiber, and by subtracting 

 from the computed energy value 1.36 Calories per gram of total crude fiber 

 results were obtained corresponding fairly well to those directly observed. 



