A. K. Camkhon 47 



that the name had been previously cniphwt'd and the species described 

 by Ourtis. 



In 1851, Ooureau described the adidt which lie iiaiiKMl /'. (ilriylirk (\. 

 and called attention to the resemblance of the larvae to those found by 

 Reaunmr in the leaves of henbane. He reared his specimens from larvae 

 which he found on the leaves of orache, Afriplex horlensis, and hence 

 he named the fly " la Pegomyie de I'Arroche." The description of the 

 larva is scanty, and that of the ])upa, althoii<ih brief, is the first record 

 we have of this stage in the life-history of the species. Further he 

 recorded and described a Braconid parasite which emerged from the 

 puparium of the fly, and this he named Ali/sia picta. For the first 

 time we meet with rather an interesting statement in this author's 

 paper where he says that " la Pegomyie de I'Arroche " also attacks 

 beetroot. This is a matter which will bear investigation as I am inclined 

 to think that the species occurs in distinct " biologic species," each of 

 which has its own food plant, and my experiments, although not by any 

 means exhaustive, tend to support this fact, Guerin-Meneville in the 

 same year (1851) described P. airiplicis R.-D, and states that in 

 Goureau's collection this species is wrongly named P. hyoscyami, which 

 he says is a distinct species. They are probably one and the same, 

 as also the P. GovraJdi R.-D., which he also describes, seemingly from 

 one immature specimen. 



Nordlinger (1855) deals with the " Runkelfliege " {Musca {Anth.) 

 conformis Fall.) and makes some very interesting observations on the 

 life-history. He was the first to note the ornamental network on the 

 chorion of the egg and he also attempted to determine the duration of 

 the various stages in the development. Perhaps of most importance 

 is his discovery of two broods of flies per year with perhaps a third in 

 favourable climatic conditions. Comment is made on the backward 

 growth of beet plants which are severely infested and on the difficulty 

 of applying remedial measures. Taschenberg (1880) practically takes 

 Nordlinger's description of the fly as well as his account of the life- 

 history. He states that the development of the larva occupies a few 

 weeks which, besides being rather indefinite, is inclined on the side of 

 length. To compensate for damage caused by the pest he suggests 

 that there should be no stinting in the amount of seed sown, a method 

 which would have had little practical significance in combatting the 

 enemy. 



Schiner (1862) and Rondani (1864) give descriptions of hyoscyami, the 

 latter employing the generic name Chortophila, and the only observation 



