48 Belladonna Leaf-Miner 



that he makes of the larva is that he has on a few occasions seen it 

 feeding between the two epiderms of the leaves of Hyoscyamus niger 

 (henbane). 



Kaltenbach (1874) records the larvae of Anfhoniyia conformis Mg. 

 from Chenopodium album and C. murale. He also records the larvae 

 of A. betae Scholtz from mangolds, those of A. hyoscyami Mg. and 

 A. nig rit arsis Zett. from Hyoscyamus niger. From henbane too he 

 reared adults of A. hyoscyami R.-D., which he believes to be distinct 

 from the A. hyoscyami of Meigen. 



Farsky (1879) carried out some interesting experiments to determine 

 the time occupied in the development of the egg, larva and pupa, but 

 as the material was kept in glass-houses at a temperature much in excess 

 of what would have normally prevailed outside, he recognised that the 

 results were somewhat vitiated. For some reason or other which he 

 could not explain he failed after several attempts to rear adults from 

 first-brood larvae. With regard to the damage committed to beet 

 crops, Farsky proved by direct experiment that those plants, the leaves 

 of which had been mined, gave a markedly poorer yield when compared 

 with that of unattacked plants. On an average he reckons that the 

 beet plants which have been laid under toll by the pest have their polari- 

 sation affected adversely to the extent of two to four per cent. As 

 preventive measures he advocates, like Nordlinger, an abundant sowing 

 of seed with conditions kept fairly humid in the young stages of the 

 plant's growth, and charcoal dust is said to be effective, but only to a 

 small extent, in keeping the pest under control. Searching for the eggs 

 on the leaves and their consequent destruction on being found is also of 

 great utility. 



Brischke (1880) in a most useful paper entitled "Die Blattminirer 

 in Danzig's Umgebung," describes Anthomyia femoralis as a new species 

 which he reared from Chenopodium album,, but, except that the antennae 

 are stated as being black, the description tallies with that of hyoscyami, 

 with which it is agreed to be synonymous. The food plants of the 

 polyphagous hyoscyami and its synonym conformis are also listed. 

 Brischke attempts a rough classification of leaf-mining insects according 

 to the mode of excavation of their galleries and the deposition of their 

 excrement in the same. 



Two Swedish entomologists, Holmgren (1880) and Tullgren (1905) 

 have described the species from spinach, Spinacia oleracea, the former 

 under the name of Anthomyza spinaciae (" Spenatflugen "), the latter 

 employing Zetterstedt's name, Anthomyia dissimilipes. Besides spinach 



