50 Bcllailonixf Leaf -Miner 



Britain and Ireland and wherever mangolds are grown in this country 

 it makes its presence felt. 



In the collection of the British Museum (Natural History) there 

 are specimens from the following localities in England : 



W. Haddon, Rugby (W. Page) ; Newmarket, Walton-on-Naze, 

 Slapton, S. Devon, Penzance (G. H. Verrall) ; Hastings (E. N. Bloom- 

 field). 



A better idea of its range is derived by consulting the reports of 

 Miss Ormerod and Theobald, to w^hich reference is made later. 



In America its activities are practically confined to the New England 

 States, and it has been recorded from Michigan. It also extends into 

 Canada as Lochhead (1903) reports. 



5. 'Food, Plants. 



The food plants of the species are distributed principally amongst 

 the two orders Chenopodiaceae and Solanaceae. Brischke records it 

 from a single example each of the Cruciferae, Stellaria media, and of the 

 Polygonaceae, Polygonum 'persicaria. According to Goureau, Scholtz, 

 Nordlinger, Kaltenbach, Brischke, TuUgren and Holmgren, the following 

 are the host plants in Europe of P. hyoscyami and its synonyms, 



Pegomyia hyoscyami Panz.. Mg. Chenopodiummurale (nettle-leaved goose- 



Hyoscyamus niger (henbane) foot) 



Pegomyia betae Scholtz, Curtis Beta vulgaris (beet) 



Beta trigyna (beet), Hungary, Asia Minor Polygonum persicaria (spotted persicaria) 



Beta vulgaris (common beet) Pegomyia Gouraldi Rob.-Desv. 



Beta vulgaris var. hybrida (mangold Atriplex hortensis (orache) 



wurzel) Pegomyia femoralis Brischke 



Pegomyia atriplicis Gour., Rob.-Desv. Chenopodium album (white goosefoot) 



Atriplex hortensis (orache) Pegomyia dis.similij)es Zett. 



Beta vulgaris (beet) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) 



Pegomyia conformis, Mg., Fall., Nord., Zett. Pegomyia spinaciae Holmgr. 



Stellaria media (chickweed) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) 



Chenopodium album (white goosefoot) 



Jablonowski (1909) makes two significant statements with regard 

 to the food habits of the larvae of P. hyoscyami. If the natural food 

 plants should by any chance fail the larvae may complete their develop- 

 ment on a diet consisting either of manure or humous matter, and also 

 on decaying leaves of any kind. This is a point of much importance 

 as, in cases of exigency, the species is always more or less ensured of a 

 means of subsistence. Referring to the larvae the author says (p. 310) : 

 " Gibt es fiir sie keine Wirtpflanzen mehr, so kann sie sich auch in 

 diesem Falle helfen : findet sie kein ihr entsprechendes Blatt, so 



