J. T. Wadswohtu 159 



Description of the pupa. 



The pupae vary considerably in size as may be expected from the 

 great variation in size exhibited by the larvae ; among ten selected 

 for measurement the largest measured 4-3 x 2 mm. and the smallest 

 2-8 X 1-4 mm., the average size of the ten pupae was 3-6 x 1-7 mm. 

 In shape they are cylindrical, obtuse or bluntly pointed at the anterior 

 end, and obliquely truncate dorso-ventrally at the posterior end ; 

 during pupation there is little or no alteration in length but the pupa 

 is more parallel-sided than the larva (Fig. 10). 



The colour varies from light yellow to dark reddish-brown ; the 

 majority, however, are of the lighter colour, and in all specimens the 

 first three or four segments and the last one are much darker in colour 

 than the intermediate ones. These anterior and posterior segments 

 vary in colour from reddish-brown to dark chestnut-brown or black. 

 On the surface of the puparium a number of anastomosing wrinkles 

 are seen which vary in direction in different parts of the same ; they 

 are more or less parallel to the segmental grooves on the dorsal and 

 ventral aspects of the middle-segments, but at the sides they run 

 obliquely. These wrinkles are darker in colour than the smooth portions 

 of the puparium, and represent wrinkles of the larval skin which become 

 more apparent through shrinkage undergone during pupation. 



At the anterior end the radiating grooves which run in a backward 

 direction from the mouth are very noticeable, and the anterior spiracles 

 are visible under a good lens as two brown spots in the position described 

 in the larva. 



The posterior aspect exhibits the same features as in the larva and 

 requires no further description ; there is a variable amount of wrinkling 

 around the margin of the last segment, but well-marked ridges similar 

 to those figured by Mik on the posterior surface of the pupa of U. cardvi 

 are not apparent. The pupae have a dull glistening appearance ; 

 Mik described the appearance of the pupa of U. cardui as " etwas 

 seidenglanzend." 



Connold's figure of the pupa of U. solstitialis is incorrect ; the object 

 figured resembles a syrphid larva. 



