C. li. Williams 22:3 



the real adult as a black winged form which he supposes to be the 

 male ! As his name was given to the larval stage it has to be given up 

 in iavour of Uzel's name of fifteen years later. 



In 1890 Kirchner shortly described damage to peas in Germany 

 as due to Thrips cerealium. This name, however, was at that time 

 used to designate any Thysanoptera, and, as in 1897, he figures the 

 orange black-tailed larva, there is no doubt that he was dealing with 

 the present species. 



In 1895 Uzel described Physopus rohusia occurring in various flowers 

 in Bohemia. 



In 1898 the Board of Agriculture of England published a leaflet 

 (revised in 1905) entitled Pea and Bean Thrips, Thrijis pisivora, in 

 which an account is given of damage to field and garden peas and 

 beans and also to scarlet runner beans {Phaseolus vulgaris). A copy of 

 two of Westwood's figures is given and an account of the life- history 

 which is either due to mistaken observations or else should apply to 

 some other species. It is stated that the eggs are loose in the flowers, 

 that the nymph or pupal stages are found in the flowers and that the 

 insect hibernates as an adult. This latter belief, which has become 

 very wddely spread, has caused many entomologists to recommend the 

 burning of the pea sticks during the winter, a proceeding which, as wnll 

 be seen, is quite useless. 



In 1899 Trybom gave a very full account of a bad attack by the larvae 

 of Pliysopus rohusta on peas near Stockholm and in Ostergotland in 

 Sweden. The attack was worst at the end of July and became so bad 

 that the whole plot had to be dug up and burnt. The larvae were 

 found in the bunches of unopened leaves at the growing points and 

 caused these to shrivel up; they attacked the pods, causing them to 

 discolour and curl. Eggs were found embedded in the tissue of the 

 plant at the bases of the young leaves and stipules. No pupae were 

 seen nor were any obtained by keeping the larva in captivity. 



In 1900 Theobald described an attack of Thrips in scarlet runners 

 {Phaseolus vulgaris) at Crawley, Sussex. This must have been due to 

 some other species, as he does not mention the dark tail to the larva 

 and found the pupal stages in the flowers and also that the adults 

 hibernated. From the figures it would appear to be a species of Frank- 

 liniella and may be F. intonsa which I have found commonly in scarlet 

 runners. In 1906 and 1907 the same author gives accounts of attacks 

 on peas which were undoubtedly due to K. robuslus. 



In 1908 Warburton published an account of this pest and described 



