C. B. Williams 



235 



Pupal Stages. 



The Pro'pupa. 



This stage — in which the first wing rudiments should appear and in 

 which the antennae are still free —I have not yet seen. It apparently 

 lasts a very short time. In 1913 the only specimen which survived 

 fungus disease during the previous winter was still a larva when exam- 

 ined towards the end of April and by the middle of May had already 

 reached the pupal or second nymph stage. In the spring of 1914, 



Fig. 10. Second nymph stage or pupa. 



owing to an unfortunate misunderstanding, all my infected pots were 

 thrown away by a gardener, but prolonged searching, both by hand and 

 by means of the Berlese funnel, in the soil of a kitchen garden where 

 peas had been attacked the year before yielded many larvae up till 

 the 6th April and a single pupa on the 2nd May. 



Pupa or second nymph (Fig. 10). 



This stage is assumed during April or May. Normally it does not 

 move from the original position, but when disturbed it walks sluggishly 

 with frequent side to side rocking movements. 



