H. M. Ij^^kroy 



281 



information, observation, reports, papers in actual use. For the 

 first I attach extracts from 16 consecutively weekly issues of the 

 Gardeners^ Chronicle in 1913, these occurring in the contributions of 

 head gardeners or in editorial advice. I think they reflect accurately 

 current ideas and practice. 



Hardy Fruit Garden 

 For aphides 



Abies diseased , . 

 Aphis. Editorial 



Broad beans 



Black fly 

 Cool orchard house 



Market Fruit Garden 

 Insect pests 



The first summer spraying 



The tree syringed with a very mild insecticide. In 

 some cases it will be found necessary to use tobacco 

 powder, which should be left on for two or three days, 

 and then thoroughly syringed oft' with clear soft water. 

 p. 268, 26. 4. 13. 



Spray three times at intervals of four days, with a 

 solution of soft soap and quassia chips, and repeat 

 the spraying in September, p. 279, 26. 4. 13. 



Syringe the plants frequently with a fairly strong solution 

 of soft soap. p. 280, 26. 4. 13. 



The eradication of insect pests can be done either by 

 fumigation with nicotine, or by spraying with some 

 good insecticide, p. 288, 3. 5. 13. 



For some unlcnown reason, insect pests are troubling me 

 at present much less than usually. It is many years 

 since I found so few Apple suckers. Most varieties 

 of Apples in my orchards are almost free from this 

 enemy, and many are nearly exempt from the attacks 

 of aphides and caterpillars. It would be interesting 

 to learn whether this comparative immunity is general 

 or not. If it is not so, perhaps persistence in des- 

 troying the pests for years past is meeting with a fitting 

 reward. But it may be that suckers and aphides 

 hatched prematurely during the mild winter or in 

 March were killed by frost. Or, again, spraying with 

 a strong solution of lime-sulphur just before the buds 

 burst may have done something in coating over eggs 

 or destroying mother queen apliides. It is too early, 

 however, to assume that the comparative immunity 

 will continue. There can hardly be a bad attack of 

 the sucker after this ; but the aphis and the caterpillar 

 have plenty of time during which to appear in strong 

 force. Ah-eady the hope that Plums would escape the 

 usual infestation of aphis has been disappointed. On 

 April 24 no attack could be observed on any but two 

 varieties; but on the 29th there were aphides on all. 

 As the leaves are curled over the pest, spraymg would 

 be a mere waste of time and money. 



Owing to the partial immunity of Apples from insect 

 pests, the usual spraying before the expansion of 



