W. Ritchie . 179 



In a ventral view of the abdomen (Fig. 7 c) one other fold, namely 

 the poststernellar, is discernible in addition to those already seen in the 

 side view. The poststernellar fold is present in all the abdominal seg- 

 ments except the last three: in the 8th and 9th it is absent: in the 10th 

 both poststernellar and sternal folds are wanting. In this figure Str. 

 stands for sternellar fold and h. for hypopleural fold. 



THE PUPA OF C. ABIETI8. 



At first the pupa has the general colour of the larva but soon darkens, 

 the mandibles being the first of the appendages to reveal themselves as 

 two brownish patches. 



In a dorsal view of the pupa the main divisions of the body are 

 visible. On the vertex or front portion of the head one can make out a 

 few frontal spines. These are fairly conspicuous and are widely separated. 



On the sides of the pronotum may be seen a few scattered spines. 

 Lying at the base of the elytra is the scutellum which is easily distin- 

 guishable. 



Rows of dorsal and pleural spines are absent on the dorsal and 

 lateral surfaces of the abdominal segments, a noteworthy feature as 

 these spines are usually present on the corresponding parts of many 

 Scolytid pupae. 



On the ventral aspect of the pupa the usual appendages on the several 

 divisions of the body can be made out. On the head portion the antennae 

 and at the base of the antennae the eyes; lying posteriorly the gena or 

 cheek region between the antenna and the labrum; mandibles, 1st 

 maxillae and labium are also distinguishable. 



The legs are folded along the surface of the body, the last pair for 

 the most part obscured from view by the overlapping elytra. On the 

 abdomen only the last few segments are visible in the ventral view; the 

 9th bearing two prominent fleshy projections or spines is the most 

 conspicuous one. The presence of these spines is characteristic of 

 Scolytid pupae. 



On each side of the body lies an elytron or wing cover from under 

 which projects the tip of a flying wing. 



THE BROOD GALLERIES OF C. ABIETIS (Fig. 8). 



In some of our bark-boring genera the parent beetles make a com- 

 paratively straight strong burrow or mother gallery. Unlike these the 

 typical mother gallery of C. ahietis rather takes the form of a circular 

 burrow which is cut or anawed round the base of a branch or twiff. If 



