A. W. Rymer Roberts 213 



spiracles with no opening to the exterior but merely a brown spot of 

 hardened chitin indicating the position of the atrophied spiracle. Prob- 

 ably a functional spiracle would reappear after the next ecdysis, but no 

 investigations into this subject have been made. 



Pupa. 



The pupa has been described by Curtis (4), Beling(2), Ford (5) and 

 others. A few notes on certain points which require amplification are 

 therefore all that it seems necessary to add. 



At the base of the pronotum on either side of the median suture a 

 small papilla is placed. These do not bear spines. Nine abdominal seg- 

 ments are visible, the external genitalia being seen in their pupal sheaths 

 in apposition to the ventral surface of the ninth. 



In the male, close to the margin of the 8th sternite, there is a 

 rounded and slightly notched flap, which probably represents the 8th 

 sternite of the adult. Posterior to this flap and arising from beneath it 

 are three rounded lobes, the median one not extending so far posteriorly 

 as those on either side of it. Probably these represent the median and 

 lateral lobes of the male external genital organs (Fig. 4 a). 



In the female (which was the sex described by Ford) the 8th sternite 

 is slightly produced into a blunt point behind and bears two small 

 punctures side by side near the apex. From beneath the 8th sternite 

 the pupal sheath of the ovipositor arises. This is elongate, subparallel 

 and has a deep suture in the median line. At each of the posterior angles 

 there is a small pointed papilla, which is the sheath of the tactile process 

 at the apex of the ovipositor. 



The apex of the ovipositor is almost co-terminous with that of the 

 9th tergite (Fig. 46). The small spurs observed by Ford (p. 108) at the 

 base of each posterior spine, though frequently present, are not constant 

 and are sometimes present on one side only. Ancillary unpaired spines 

 may also occur on the cerci or even on the median posterior portion of 

 the segment. 



In both sexes the sternite of the 7th abdominal segment is pKtduced 

 posteriorly, so as partly to cover the next segment. In the adult the 7th 

 is the last visible segment and the sternite is similarly produced to a 

 blunt point posteriorly. The preceding sternites (2-6) of the pupa have 

 their anterior and posterior margins subparallel as in sternites 3-6 of 

 the beetle. The 1st sternite is very narrow and is represented by a mere 

 fold of the integument. Both tergites and sternites of the 2nd to the 

 8th abdominal segments are produced laterally a little at the posterior 

 margin, but not so much as to conceal the spiracles. 



