18 THE DENIZENS OF AN OLD CHERRY TREE. 



Fig. 3.— Toothed mandible or jaw of female Crahro cephalotes, Tanz. 

 (1-inch objective). 



,, 4.— Pupa of Crahro cephcdotes, talcen from a cocoon in the Cherry 

 wood, enlarged. 



^^ 5.— Front leg of female Pe\\-\phredo)i lugnbris, showing brushes 

 and rakes for clearing out the wood debris from the burrows 

 (2-inch objective). 



5a. -Spur or calcar used for cleaning the Antenn?e, etc. (2-inch 

 objective). 



6. — Crahro cephalotes, Panz., female, enlarged. 



7, — Posterior leg of Crahro chrysostormis, Lep., showing spined 

 tibia adapted for clearing its burrows, etc. (2-inch objective). 



8, — Anterior wing of Crahro, enlarged, typical of the genus. 



9. — Fteromalus ajnim, Westw., Hymenopteron, parasitic on Crahro 

 leucostomus, Linn. ; enlarged. 



10. — Omalus auratus, Dahlb , Hymenopteron, parasitic in borings 

 of Pemphredon Inguhris, Latr. (natural size). 



11. — Portion of middle leg of Omalus auratvs. Dahlb., showing 

 spined tarsi and serrated claws (-^-inch objective). 



12. — Anterior wing of Omalus anr ah is, Dahlb., enlarged. 



13. — Cocoon of Omalus auratus, Dahlb., taken from boring of 

 Fempliredon luguhris, Latr., in the rotten Cherry wood 

 (natural size). 



14. — Parasitic Ichneumon, Perithous variiis, Gr. , female, bred from 

 borings of Pemphredon (natural size). 



Drawn by Charles J. Watkins. 



jj 





)5 



5) 



»j 



Concerning famines in India, which were formerly often ter- 

 rible, Mr. C. E. D. Black, in his third decennial report of progress, 

 does not deny the existence of " habitually starving millions," 

 but maintains that, taking the country as a wdiole, it can always 

 furnish food enough for all its inhabitants. The difficulty has 

 hitherto been in moving the surplus of one or other locality to 

 the spots where deficiency exists. This has now been mainly 

 overcome, and the days when grain was selling at famine prices in 

 one district and rotting on the ground in another are gone. 

 Registered meteorological observations indicate that, as a rule, 

 two-thirds of India are affected each year, either favourably or 

 prejudicially, differently from the other third. 'I'here is no record 

 of a universal failure of crops, any more than of a general harvest 

 above the average. 



