72 



BACTERIA IN THE SPUTA 



According to my researches, each dumb-bell is the result of 

 two cocci linked together by their heads. For this reason, it is 

 often found, enclosed by a sheath, either inside or outside of the 

 epitheha of the mouth, nose, or urethra. It is this adhesive ten- 

 dency which forms them into chains or groups, from which in less 

 moist parts will germinate the growth of Leptothrix, as we shall 

 see later on. 



I must refer to the preceding Memoir for the other forms of 

 bacilli and bacteria, all related to Leptothrix. With regard to the 

 nasal mucus, its pavement epithelia are smaller than the same epi- 

 thelia of the mouth and less softened, perhaps from not being 

 under the dissolving action of the saliva. 



The bacteria which invade the pavement epithelia of the 

 urethral mucus, taken directly from the meatus, often resemble 

 dumb-bell forms. However, in the blenorrhcegic flow, are often 

 found rather small diplococci, some in the pavement epithelia and 

 others within pus corpuscles ; but curved diplococci or gonococci 

 of Neisser are rarely found in it. Beside these common forms, I 

 also detected very minute cocci, like those rosaries of type s (Fig. 

 2) or ^ (Fig. 4), and filaments or short articulations of Leptothrix. 



d, e. — I have said before that the features of pneumococci of 

 Friedlander, or Frankel, etc., were probably derived from a 

 degree of colouration of some points of their single articulations 

 9r from modifications of forms, as types d and e will show. 



In d (Fig. 4, magnified to 2,500 diameters) are seen three 

 sheathed diplococci, with sheath partially coloured. 



In certain cases of pneumonia, we found some specimens of 

 these, intermixed in the same group or colony. 



In e the diplococci have no sheath and show points of varied 

 partial colouring. Such specimens were obtained from a pulmon- 

 ary sputa, in which, amongst other forms of bacilli and bacteria, 

 were pneumococci of types _,/^ g^ h, /, i'. 



ft f\ E- — These are specimens of the second kind, taken from 

 the same sputum in a case of croupal pneumonia. In / (magni- 

 fied to 1,750 diameters) the capsular appearances are so well 

 surrounded as to resemble a capsular membrane. The single 

 pneumococci are sometimes in groups of eight, ten, and fourteen. 

 The internal articulations are prolonged and end in points. 



