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268 ENEMIES OF APHIDES. 



Fig. 3. — Larva of HemerohinSy full grown. The proportion to the larva 

 in Fig. 1 is nearly correct. The larv?e of many species are 

 very minute. 



4. — Imago bred from larva. The difference in wing venation and 

 the hairs on the wings may be observed. 



5. — Oak stem, bearing a number of stalked eggs of Chrysopa, 

 placed in a consecutive line on the stem, as is sometimes found. 



6. — Larva of Coniopteryx tineiformis, after Curtis. 



7. — Wing venation of the imago of C. tineiformis, showing the 

 smaller hind wing and absence of transverse veins. 



8. — Larva of Hemerohius, laden with the empty skins of slain 

 Aphides ; likened by Reaumur to Hercules elothed in the 

 skin of the Nemean lion. 



9, 9a. — The cocoon and pupa of Hemerobius, showing the slight 

 nature of the silk threads sparsely arranged round the pupa 

 to form the cocoon. 



,, 10, 10a. — The cocoon of Chrysopa perla. The pupa is quite hidden 

 by the dense silk-like texture of the cocoon, Avhich is thick 

 and nearly spherical. 





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How THE Musk-Rat Breathes under Ice. — Animals that 

 breathe by means of lungs can prolong their stay underjwater only 

 through special anatomical arrangements, or by having recourse to 

 some extraneous means. Mr. W. Spoon, of the Elisha Mitchell 

 Society, who has hunted the musk-rat in winter, asserts that the 

 animal, when obliged to traverse, under ice, a pond so wide that 

 it cannot keep up its breathing, stops from time to time and 

 exhales the air from its lungs. This air, being confined by the ice, 

 becomes oxygenated in contact with the water, and the animal, 

 taking a fresh inspiration, dives in order to begin its swimming 

 again a little further along. It appears that other observers have 

 found that if this air is dispersed through the ice being struck the 

 animal is killed through asphyxia. 



