II] BATESIAN AND MULLERIAN 13 



the world too there existed these remarkable resem- 

 blances between species belonging to different families. 

 Perhaps the most important part of Wallace's con- 

 tribution was the demonstration that in some species 

 not only was it the female alone that "mimicked" 

 but that there might be several different forms of 

 female mimicking different models, and in some cases 

 aU unlike the male of their own species. One of the 

 species studied by Wallace, Papilio polytes, is shewn 

 on Plate V. We shall have occasion to refer to 

 this case later on, and it is sufficient here to call 

 attention to the three different forms of female, of 

 which one is like the male while the other two resemble 

 two other species of Papilio, P. hector and P. aristo- 

 lochiae, which occur in the same localities. Instances 

 where the female alone of some unprotected species 

 mimics a model with obnoxious properties are common 

 in all tropical countries. It has been suggested that 

 this state of things has come about owing to the greater 

 need of protection on the part of the female. Hampered 

 by the disposal of the next generation the less protected 

 female would be at a greater disadvantage as com- 

 pared with the mimic than would the corresponding 

 male whose obligations to posterity are more rapidly 

 discharged. The view of course makes the assumption 

 that the female transmits her peculiar properties to 

 her daughters but not to her sons. 



A few years later Trimen^ did for Africa what 

 Bates had done for America and Wallace for Indo- 



1 Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. 26, 1870. 



