24 OLD-WORLD MIMICS [ch. 



as a model for several species belonging to different 

 groups. It and its mimics will, however, be described 

 in more detail later on. Mention must also be made 

 of the strikmg case of the Danaid, Caduga tytia and 

 its Papilionine mimic P. agestor from Sikkim (PL II, 

 figs. 2 and 3). In both species the fore wings are 

 pale blue broken by black; while the hind wings are 

 pale with a deep outer border of rusty red. Not only 

 in colour but also in shape the swallow-tail bears a 

 remarkable resemblance to the Danaid. C. tytia is 

 also mimicked by a rare Nymphaline Neptis imitans, 

 which exhibits the same striking colour scheme so very 

 different from that of most of its allies. 



No less remarkable are some of the cases in which 

 the Euploeines serve as models. E. rhadamanthus, for 

 example, is mimicked by the scarce Papilio mendax, 

 and a glance at Figs. 8 and 9 on Plate II shews 

 how well this butterfly deserves its name. Etiploea 

 rhadamanthus also serves as a model for one of the 

 several forms of female of the Nymphaline species 

 Euripus halitherses. In some Euploeines the sexes are 

 different in appearance — a somewhat unusual thing 

 among butterflies serving as models in cases of mimetic 

 resemblance. Such a difference is found in Euploea 

 mulciber, the male being predominantly brown with a 

 beautiful deep blue suffusion, while the female is a 

 rather hghter insect with less of the blue suffusion 

 and with hind wings streaked with lighter markings 

 (PI. II, figs. 4 and 5). It is interesting to find that 

 Elymnias malelas, a Satyrid which mimics this species. 



