32 OLD-WORLD MIMICS [ch. 



bright brown. It is a western form and is unlike any 

 model. Trimeni also is unlike any model but is 

 of peculiar interest in that it is much more like the 

 male with its pale creamy-yellow colour and the 

 lesser development of black scales than occurs in 

 most of the forms of female. At the same time the 

 general arrangement of the darker markings is on the 

 whole similar to that in the hippocoon and in the 

 trophonius form. Trimeni is found on the Kikuyu 

 Escarpment, near Mt Kenia, along with the four 

 mimicking forms. 



Continental Africa, south of the equator, has 

 produced no female similar to the male. But in 

 Abyssinia is found another state of things. Here, so 

 far as is known, occur three forms, all tailed, of which 

 one is similar in general colour and pattern to the male, 

 while the other two, niavioides and ruspina ^, resemble 

 respectively a tailed hippocoon and a tailed trophonius. 

 Lastly we have to record that Papilio dardanus is 

 also found as the geographical race humbloti on Comoro 

 Island, and as meriones on Madagascar. In both 

 forms the females are tailed, and resemble the males. 



From this long series of facts it is concluded that 

 the male of P. dardanus represents the original form 

 of both sexes. On the islands of Comoro and Mada- 

 gascar this state of things still survives. But it is 

 supposed that on the African continent existed enemies 

 which persecuted the species more than on the islands 



^ These two forms are figvired on Plate 10 of Eltringham's African 

 Mimetic Butterflies. 



