VII] THE CASE OF PAPILIO POLYTES 11 



differs in many respects from the male and the M 

 female. Instead of being quite dark, the fore wings are 

 marked by darker ribbed lines on a lighter ground ^ 

 (PI. V, fig. 3). The hind wings shew several marked 

 differences from those of the male. Of the series of 

 six patches forming the cross band the outermost 

 has nearly disappeared, and the innermost has become 

 smaller and reddish. The middle four, on the other 

 hand, have become deeper, reaching up towards the 

 insertion of the wing, and are pure white. A series 

 of red lunules occurs on the upper surface outside the 

 white band, and the yellowish-white marginal markings 

 tend to become red. These differences are equally 

 well marked on the under surface (PL V, fig. 3 a). 

 The colour of the body, however, remains as in the 

 male. From the resemblance shewn by this form to 

 another species of Swallow-tail, Papilio aristolochiae 

 (PI. V, fig. 5), we shall speak of it as the A form. 



The third form of female is again very distinct 

 from the other two. The fore wings are dark but are 

 broken by an irregular white band running across the 

 middle (PI. V, fig. 4), and there is also an irregular 

 white patch nearer the tips of the wing. The hind 

 wings, on the other hand, are characterised by having 

 only red markings. The yellowish-white band of the 

 male is much reduced and is entirely red, while the red 

 lunules are much larger than in the A form. The under 

 surface (PL V, fig. 4 a) corresponds closely with the 



^ These darker ribs are also present in the male and M female but 

 are obscured owing to the generally deeper colour. 



