60 plint's natueal histokt. [Book XXXII. 



ment. We here find sea-trees/^ physeters,^* balaenae/^ pistrices,^^ 

 tritons,^^ nereids,^^ elephants,^* the creatures known as sea- 

 men/'^ sea-wheels/^ orcae,*^ sea-rams, ^^ musculi/* other fish too 

 with the form of rams/^ dolphins/^ sea-calves," so celebrated by 

 Homer,^^ tortoises ^^ to minister to our luxury, and beavers, so 

 extensively employed in medicine,^'^ to which class belongs 

 the otter,^^ an animal which we nowhere find frequenting the 

 sea, it being only of the marine animals that we are speak- 

 ing. There are dog-fish,^^ also, drinones,^^ cornutse," sword- 

 fish,^^ saw-fish,^^ hippopotami" and crocodiles,"^ common to the 

 sea, the land, and the rivers; tunnies^^ also, thynnides, siluri,^^* 

 coracini,^^ and perch, ^^ common to the sea only and to rivers. 



To the sea only, belong also the acipenser,^- the dorade,^ 

 the asellus,^^ the acharne,^^ the aphye,^^ the alopex," the 



•^3 He may possibly allude to the plants mentioned in B. xiii. cc. 48, 49, 

 50, 51, and 52; though Eardouin seems to think it impossible to dis- 

 cover what he means, seeing that he is speaking of sea-monsters, beings 

 with animal life. See also B. ix. c. 3. 



^1 See B. ix. c. 3. 35 See B. ix. cc. 2, 5. 



36 See B. ix. c. 3 ; probably the same as the " pristis " of B. ix. c. 2. 



37 See B. ix. c. 4. 38 gge B. ix. c. 4. ^^ See B. ix. c. 4. 



40 " Homines marini." See B, ix. c. 4. 



41 See B. ix. c. 3. ^2 See B. ix. c. 5. « See B. ix. c. 4. 

 4^ See B. ix. c. 88, and B. xi. c. 62. « See B. ix. c. 67. 



*6 See B. ix. c. 7. *' See B. ix. c. 15. ^8 Odyssey, B. iv. 1. 436. 

 « Turtles. See B. ix. c. 13. =o See Chapter 13 of this Book. 



°i See B. yiii. c. 47 ; also Chapters 26 and 32 of this Book. 



52 See B. ix. c. 70. 



53 Tlie name of a fish unknown. Sillig conjectures that Pliny may 

 have had in view the fish called "dromades" by Aristotle. "Dromones" 

 is another reading, a sort of small crab. 



5* Littre translates this " horned ray." 



55 " Gladii." See B. ix. cc. 1, 21 ; the same, probably, as the " xiphias" 

 mentioned at the end of this Chapter. 



56 See B. ix. c. 1. 5? See B. viii. c. 39. 58 See B. viii. c. 37. 

 59 See B. ix. cc. 18, 20. Holland says, " Some take 'thynni' for the 



milters, and 'thynnides' for the spawners." In his translation, however, 

 he identifies the "thynnides" with the "pelamides," or young tunnies, 

 mentioned in this Chapter, and in B. ix. c. 18. 



59* See B. ix. cc. 17, 25. eo See B. ix. cc. 24, 32> 



61 "Percae." See B. ix. c. 24. 62 See B. ix. c. 27. 



63 " Aurata." See B. ix. c. 25. 64 See B. ix. cc. 25, 28. 



65 Considered by some to be the whiting. Littre identifies it with the 

 Perca labrax of Linnaeus. 



66 See B. ix. c. 74 ; where it is called " apua." 



67 The " sea-fox." See B. ix. c. 67. 



