178 PLINY's ^-ATURAL HISTOEY. [Book XXXIV. 



the conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great."*^ He also made 

 the youthful Apollo, known as the "Sauroctonos,"*^ because he 

 is aiming an arrow at a lizard which is stealing towards him. 

 There are greatly admired, also, two statues of his, expressive 

 of contrary emotions — a Matron in tears, and a Courtesan full 

 of gaiety : this last is supposed to be a likeness of Phryne, and 

 it is said that we can detect in her figure the love of the artist, 

 and in the countenance of the courtesan the promised reward. ^^ 



His kindness of heart, too, is witnessed by another figure ; 

 for in a chariot and horses which had been executed by Cala- 

 mis,"** he himself made the charioteer, in order that the artist, 

 who excelled in the representation of horses, might not be 

 considered deficient in the human figure. This last-men- 

 tioned artist has executed other chariots also, some with four 

 horses, and some with two ; and in his horses he is always 

 unrivalled. But that it may not be supposed that he was so 

 greatly inferior in his human figures, it is as well to remark 

 that his Alcmena** is equal to any that Avas ever produced. 



Alcameues,^^ who was a pupil of Phidias, worked in marble 

 and executed a Pentathlete in brass, known as the " Encrino- 

 menos."^' Aristides, too, who was the scholar of Polycletus, 

 executed chariots in metal with four and two horses. The 



^' According to Valerius Maximus, B. ii. s. 10, these statues -were re- 

 Btored, not by Alexander, but by his successor Seleucus, — B. Sillig makes 

 the following remark upon this passage — " Pliny here strangely confounds 

 the statues of Harmodius and Aristogiton, made by Praxiteles, with other 

 figures of those heroes of a much more ancient date, made by Antenor." 



*2 From aavpog, a " lizard," and sravw, " to kill," This statue is de- 

 scribed bylNIartial, B. xiv. Ep. 172, entitled " Sauroctonos Corinthius. " — B. 

 Many fine copies of it are still in existence, and AVinckelmann is of opinipn 

 that the bronze at the Villa Albani is the original. There are others at 

 the Villa Borghese and in the Vatican. 



■13 In her worthless favours, probably. Praxiteles was a great admirer 

 of Phryne, and inscribed on the base of this statue an Epigram of Simon- 

 ides, preserved in the Greek Anthology, B. iv. Ep. 12. She was also said 

 to have been the model of his Cnidian Venus. 



41 This artist is mentioned also by Cicero, Pausanias, Propertius, and 

 Ovid, the two latter especially remarking the excelienceof his horses. — B. 

 See B. xxxiii. c. 55. 



4^ The mother of Ilercules. — B. 



*^ See B. xxxvi. c. 4. Having now given an account of the artists 

 most distinguished for their genius, Pliny proceeds to make some remarks 

 upon those who were less famous, in alphabetical order.— B. 



47 The " highly approved." 



