Chiip. 36.] ARTISTS WHO PAUjTTED WITH THE PENCIL. 255 



fection, in the delineation of the warrior : this last-mentioned 

 work is now at Rome, in the Temple of Peace." 



It was at this period, too, that Euxinidas had for his pupil 

 Aristides,^^ who became a most illustrious artist; and that 

 Eupompus instructed PamiDhilus, who afterwards became the 

 instructor of Apelles. There is by Eupompus, a Victor in a 

 gymnastic contest, holding a palm. So high was the reputa- 

 tion of this artist, tliat he established a school of painting, and 

 so divided the art into three styles ; whereas till then there had 

 been but two, known respectively as the Helladic^® and the 

 Asiatic. In honour of him, a native of Sicyon by birth, the 

 Heiladic school was divided into two, and from this period 

 there were three distinct styles recognized, the Ionic, the 

 Sicyonian, and the Attic. 



We have, by Pamphilus,^" a picture representing the Alliance 

 and the Battle that was fought at Phlius ;" the Victory^^ also 

 that was gained by the Athenians, and a representation of 

 Ulysses in his ship. He was a Macedonian by birth, but was 

 the first painter who was also skilled in all the other sciences, 

 arithmetic and geometry more particularly, without the aid of 

 which he maintained that the pictorial art could not attain 

 .perfection. He gave instruction to no one for a smaller sum 

 than one talent, at the rate of five hundred denarii per 

 annum,'^^ and this fee both Apelles and Melanthius paid. It 

 was through his influence that, first at Sicyon, and then 

 throughout the whole of Greece, all children of free birth were 

 taught the graphic" art, or in other words, the art of depicting 

 upon boxwood, before all others ; in consequence of which this 

 came to be looked upon as the first step in the liberal arts. It 



3^ Built near the Forum, by Vespasian, according to Suetonius. 



38 A native of Thebes. A full account of him will be given in the 

 course of this Chapter. as Or "Grecian." 



4" He was a native of Amphipolis in Macedonia. 



^1 Phhus was the chief town of Phliasia, in the north-east of Pelopon- 

 nesus. It seems to be quite unknown to what events Pliny here alludes. 



*2 Possiblj^ the naval victory gained by the Athenians under Chabrias 

 near Naxos, in the first year of the 101st Olympiad. 



*3 "Which would make the course of study, as M. Ian says, extend over 

 a period of twelve years. 



** " Graphice ;" equivalent, perhaps, to our word "drawing." "The 

 elementary process consisted in drawing lines or outlines with the graphis, 

 (or stylus) upon tablets of box ; the first exercise was probably to draw a 

 simple hne." — Wornum, in Smith's Diet. Antiq. Art. I'ainting, 



