2'84 Flint's natueal histoet. [Book XXXV. 



Butades first invented the method of colouring plastic com- 

 positions, by adding red earth to the material, or else modelling 

 them in red chalk : he, too, was the first to make masks on the 

 outer edges of gutter-tiles upon the roofs of buildings ; in 

 low relief, and known as *' prostypa" at first, but afterwards 

 in high relief, or ** ectypa." It was in these designs,^^ too, that 

 the ornaments on the pediments of temples originated; 

 and from this invention modellers first had their name of 

 "plastcTB." 



CHAP. 44. WHO WAS THE FIRST TO MOULD FIGTJllES IN IMITATION 



OF THE FEATURES OF LIVING PERSONS, OR. OF STATUES. 



The first person who expressed the human features hj fitting 

 a mould of plaster upon the face, and then improving it by 

 pouring melted wax into the cast, was Lysistratus^^ of Sicyon, 

 brother of Lysippus, already mentioned. It was he, in fact, 

 who first made it his study to give a faithful likeness ; for 

 before his time, artists only thought how to make their por- 

 traits as handsome as possible. The same artist, too, was the 

 first who thought of making models for his statues; a method 

 which afterwards became so universally adopted, that there 

 could be neither figure nor statue made without its model in 

 clay. Hence it would appear, that the art of modelling in 

 clay is more ancient than that of moulding in bronze.^' 



CHAP. 45. THE MOST FAMOUS MODELLERS. 



The most celebrated modellers were Damophilus and Gor- 

 gasus, who were painters as well. These artists adorned with 

 their works, in both kinds, the Temple of Ceres, "^^ in the Circus 

 Maximus at Eome ; with an inscription in Greek, which 

 stated that the decorations on the right-hand were the work- 

 manship of Damophilus, and those on the left, of Gorgasus. 

 Varro says that, before the construction of this temple, every- 

 thing was Tuscan" in the temples; and that, when the temple 

 was afterwards repaired, the painted coatings of the walls were 



^= Terra cotta figures. 



^6 See B. xxxiv. c. 19. Tatian mentions a statue of Melanippe by Ly- 

 sistratus. *'^ See B. xxxvi. c. 4. 



*s In the Eleventh Region of the City. This Temple of Ceres, Bacchus, 

 and Proserpine, in the Circus Maximus, was Towed by A. Posthuraius. tlie 

 Dictator, a.u.c, 258, and dedicated by the consul Cassius, a.u.c. 261, 

 or B.C. 493. ^'■' See B. xxxiv. c. 16. 



