Chap. 4.] ARTISTS WHO EXCELLED IN BCrLPTUEE. 317 



and the breadth from north to south sixty-three, the two 

 fronts'® being not so wide in extent. It is twenty-five cubits 

 in height, and is surrounded with six-and- thirty columns, 

 the outer circumference being known as the '* Pteron."" The 

 east side was sculptured by 8copas, the north by Bryaxis, the 

 south by Timotheus, and the west by Leochares ; but, before 

 their task was completed, Queen Artemisia died.'^ They did 

 not leave their work, however, until it was finished, consider- 

 ing that it was at once a memorial of their own fame and of 

 the sculptor's art : and, to this day even, it is undecided which 

 of them has excelled. A fifth artist also took part in the 

 work ; for above the Pteron there is a pyramid erected, equal 

 in height to the building below, and formed of four and 

 twenty steps, which gradually taper upwards towards the 

 summit ; a platform, crowned with a representation of a four- 

 horse chariot by Pythis. This addition makes the total height 

 of the work one hundred and forty feet.^° 



There is at Rome, by Timotheus, a Diana, in the Temple of 

 .Apollo in the Palatium, the head of which has been replaced 

 by Avianius Evander.^^ A Hercules, too, by Menestratus,^^ is 

 greatly admired ; and there is a Hecate of his at Ephesus, in 



'^ Facing east and west. 



"■^ Or ** wing." The " ptera," or "pteromata," properly speaking, were 

 the two wings at the sides of a building. See Note 80 below. 



''''' She only survived her husband two years. 



&o Another reading, and perhaps a preferable one, is " one hundred" feet. 

 The account given by Pliny is very confused, and Littre has taken some 

 pains to explain the construction of this building. He is of opinion that 

 in the first place, a quadrangular main building was erected, 63 feet in 

 length on the north and south, the breadth of the east and west faces 

 being shorter, some 42 feet perhaps. Secondly, that there was a screen of 

 36 columns surrounding the main building, and 411 feet in circumference. 

 (He adopts this reading in preference to the 440 feet of the Bamb&rg MS.) 

 That the longer sides of this screen were 113.25 feet in extent, and the 

 shorter 92.125 feet. That between the main building and this screen, or 

 colonnade, there was an interval of 25.125 feet. Thirdly, that the colon- 

 nade and the main buildings were united by a vaulted roof, and that this 

 union formed the " Pteron." Fourthly, that rising from this Pteron, 

 there was a quadrangular truncated pyramid, formed of twenty-four steps, 

 and surmounted with a chariot of marble. This would allow, speaking in 

 round numbers, 37^ feet for the height of the main body of the building, 

 o75 feet for the pyramid, and twenty-five feet for the height of the chariot 

 and the figure which it doubtless contained. 



^' Supposed to be the person alluded to by Horace, 1 Sat. 3, 90. 



'^^ He is mentioned also by Tatian, and is supposed to have lived about 

 the time of Alexander the Great. 



