Chap. 2i.] MARTELLOUS BUILDINGS AT HOME. 353 



Anio^ and Tepula,^ constructed during his prsetorsliip a new 

 aqueduct,' which bore his name, and was brought hither by a 

 channel pierced througli the sides of mountains. Agrippa,^ 

 in his Eedileship, united the Marcian with the Virgin^ Aque- 

 duct, and repaired and strengthened the channels of the others. 

 He also formed seven hundred wells, in addition to five hun- 

 dred fountains, and one hundred and thirty reservoirs, many 

 of them magnificently adorned. Upon these works, too, he 

 erected three hundred statues of marble or bronze, and four 

 hundred marble columns ; and all this in the space of a single 

 year ! In the work^" which he has written in commemoration 

 of his sedileship, he also informs us that public games were 

 celebrated for the space of fifty-nine days, and that one hun- 

 dred and seventy gratuitous baths were opened. The number 

 of these last at Rome, has increased to an infinite^^ extent 

 since his time. 



The preceding aqueducts, however, have all been surpassed 

 by the costly work which was more recently commenced by 

 the Emperor Caius,^^ and completed by Claudius. Under these 

 princes, the Curtian and Caerulean Waters, with the New 

 Anio,^^ were brought from a distance of forty miles, and at so 

 high a level that all the hills w^ere supplied with water, on 

 which the City is built. The sum expended on these works 

 was three hundred and fifty millions of sesterces. If we only 

 take into consideration the abundant supply of water to the 

 public, for baths, ponds, canals, household purposes, gardens, 



5 See B. iii. c. 17. It was commenced by M. Curius Denta'tus, b.c. 

 273, the -water being brought a distance of 43 miles. It was afterwards 

 known as the '* Anio Vetus," to distinguish it from another aqueduct from 

 the same river, mentioned in this Chapter, and called the " Anio Novus." 

 The former was constructed of Peperino stone, and the water- course was 

 lined with cement. Considerable remains of it are still to be seen. 



6 The Aqua Tepula was constructed b.c. 127 ; so that it is doubtful if 

 Pliny is not here in error. 



' The Aqua Marcia was brouglit a distance of upwards of 60 miles, 

 from the vicinity of Sublaqueum, UdW Subiaco, and was of such elevation 

 that water could be supplied to the loftiest part of the Capitoline Hill. 

 A considerable number of the arches are still standing. In the vicinity of 

 the city it was afterwards united with the Aqua Tepula and the Aqua 

 Julia ; the watercourse of the last bein^ above that of the Aqua Tepula, 

 and that above the course of the Aqua Marcia. See B. xxxi. cc 24, 25. 



8 See B. xxxi. cc. 24, 25. ^ See B. xxxi. c. 25. ^o See end of B. iii. 



^1 Victor mentions 856 public baths at Home. ^^ Caligula. 



13 Anio Novus. 



VOL. TI. A A 



