Chap. 62.] TERRACE-ROOF PAVEMENTS. 3/7 



they having all the appearance of being left there by accident. 

 There is a dove also, greatly admired, in the act of drinking, 

 and throwing the shadow of its head upon the water ; while 

 other birds are to be seen sunning and pluming themselves, on 

 the margin of a drinking-bowl. 



CHAP. 61. — THE FIRST PAVEMEXTS IN" USE AT ROME. 



The first pavements, in my opinion, M^ere those now known 

 to us as barbaric and subtegulan^^ pavements, a kind of work 

 that was beaten down with the rammer : at least if we may 

 form a judgment from the name®® that has been given to them. 

 The first diamonded®^ pavement at Kome was laid in the Temple 

 of Jupiter Capitolinus, after the commencement of the Third 

 Punic "War. That pavements had come into common use be- 

 fore the Cimbric War, and that a taste for them was very 

 prevalent, is evident from the line of Lucilius — 



" "With ckecquered emblems like a pavement marked."^o 



CHAP. 62. — TERRACE-EOOF PAVEMENTS. 



The Greeks have also invented terrace-roof^^ pavements, and 

 have covered their houses with them ; a thing that may easily be 

 done in the hotter climates, but a great mistake in countries 

 where the rain is apt to become congealed. In making these 

 pavements, the proper plan is to begin with two layers of boards, 

 running diff'erent ways, and nailed at the extremities, to prevent 

 them from warping. Upon this planking a rough-work mu3t 

 be laid, one-fourth of which consists of pounded pottery : and 

 upon this, another bed of rough-work, two-fifths composed of 

 lime, a foot in thickness, and well beaten down with the 

 rammer. The nucleus''' is then laid down, a bed six fingers 

 in depth ; and upon that, large square stones, not less tlian a 



^'' " Subtegulanea." — "Undercover;" in contradistinction to the *'sub- 

 diaha" of next Chapter. 



68 <■* Pavimentum," from " pavio," to "beat down." 



^9 " Scutulatum." — Having figures in the shape of a lozenge or rhom- 

 bus. 



'0 The line is, 



"Arte pavimenti atque emblemate vermiculato ;" 

 literary compositions being compared by him to the artificial construction 

 of a pavement. 



'^ " Subdialia ;" more literally, " open-air pavements." 



72 Or "kernel ;" so called because it lay in the middle. Vitruvius says 

 that it was composed of one purt lime, and three parts pounded pottery. 



