Clinp. 31.] SARDA. 425 



ened by the light of the lamp, under which circumstances its 

 tints are particularly pleasing. It is found in the vicinity of 

 Orthosia, throughout the whole of Caria, and in the neighbour- 

 ing localities ; but the most approved stones are those that 

 come from India. Some writers have given the name of " dead- 

 ened"^* carbunculus to a lychnis of second-rate quality, and 

 similar in colour to the flower known as the '' flower of Jove."'* 

 I find other varieties also mentioned, one with a purple radiance, 

 and another of a scarlet'*' tint. It is asserted, too, that these 

 stones, when heated or rubbed between the fingers, will attract" 

 chaff and filaments of paper. 



CHAP. 30. — CAECHEDONIA. 



Carchedonia,^^ too, is said to have the same property, though 

 far inferior in value to the stones already mentioned. It is 

 found in the mountains among the Nasamones,^^ being pro- 

 duced, the natives think, by showers sent for the purpose from 

 heaven. These stones are found by the light of the moon, 

 more particularly when at full : in former days, Carthage was 

 the entrepot for them. Archelaiis speaks of a brittle variety be- 

 ing found in the vicinity of Thebes also, in Egypt, full of veins, 

 and similar to dying embers in appearance. 1 find it stated, 

 too, that in former times, drinking- vessels used to be made of 

 this stone and of lychnis :^^ all these kinds of stone, however, 

 ofi^er the most obstinate resistance to the graver, and, if used 

 for seals, are apt to bring away a part of the wax. 



CHAP. 31. SAEUA : FIVE VARIETIES OF IT. 



Sarda,^^ on the other hand, is remarkably useful for this 



1* " Remissiorem." 



^5 See B. xxi. cc. 33, 39, where the *' Flos Jovis" is mentioned in juxta- 

 position with the flower called " lyclmis," either the Umbel'd Campion 

 rose, or the Common red rose Campion. 



^^ "Coccum." " Kermes-berry coloured." These kinds probably were, 

 Indicolite or Blue tourmaline, and Rubellite or Red tourmaline. 



^■^ As Beckmann remarks, he should have said that it first attracts, and 

 then repels them ; such being the case with Tourmaline. 



^s Not identical, most probably, with the Carchedonian or Carthaginiaa 

 stone mentioned in Chapter 25, which was probably a garnet or a ruby. 

 Ajasson has no doubt that it is identical with jasper quartz, including the 

 varieties called Striped or Riband jasper, and Egyptian jasper, 



19 See B. V. c. 5, and B. vii. c. 2, 



20 Tourmaline, probably, in combination with otlier mineral substances. 



21 Caxnelian, a variety of Chalcedouy. It is originally grey, or greyish 



