UMBRELLA 



Plate I. 



Genus UMBRELLA, Lamarck. 



Testa orbicularis, planulata, superne converiusctda, vertice 

 minimo, subcenlrali, inferne concaviwscald, disco cen- 

 trali, impressione musculari irreguhri contiaud ad 

 ceHtrum circidariter imbutd. 



Shell orbicular, flat, rather convex at the upper part, with 

 a very small nearly central vertex, rather concave be- 

 neath, impressed with a central disc, having an irre- 

 gular continuous muscular impression around it. 

 The "Chinese Parasol" of the older Prenoh naturalists 



being found to differ in general character from the rest of 



the Limpet tribes, a genus was created for its reception 



by Lamarck, under the title of Umbrella. On the discovery 



of the animal it was found to be a large tumid warty mass, 



with the shell imbedded flat upon the back. 



The principal species has a wide range throughout the 



Eastern seas ; a second species inhabits the Mediterranean; 



and third was collected by Mr. Cuming at the mouth of 



tlie Chu-iqui river, in the Bay of Panama. 



Species 1. (Fig. 1 a and 1 b, Mus. Cuming.) 

 Umbrella Indica. Umb. testd stMus concaviusculd, ra- 

 diatim striata, alba, medio intense aurantio-sulphured, 

 extus concenlrice striatd, margine undulatd ; carneo- 

 albidd, radiatimfasciatd,fasciisfascescentibus, epider- 

 mide plicatd indutd. 

 The Indian Umbrella. Shell rather concave beneath, 

 radiately striated, white, deep orange-sulphur in the 

 middle, concentrically striated without, waved at the 

 margin; flesh- white, radiately banded, bands brownish, 

 covered with a plicated epidermis. 

 Lamarck, Anim. sans vert, vol vii. p. 573. 

 Patella umbellata and Sinica, Gmelin. 

 Hab. Eastern seas. 



Fig. 1 o in the accompanying Plate represents a speci- 

 men rather more than usually convex, in a very fresh state 

 of preservation, being covered with an epidermis, which, 

 on the radiating bands, is set in thick-set folds. Fig. 1 b 

 shows the richly orange-sulphur interior of a specimen of 

 larger and flatter growth. 



Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) 

 Umbrella Mediterranea. Umb. testa ovata, tenuiculd, 

 depressd, concentrice interdum rugoso-plicatd ; carneo- 

 albidd, subobscure fuscescente radiatd, siibtm medio 

 pallide sulphured. 

 The Mediterranean Umbrella. Shell ovate, rather 

 thin, depressed, concentrically, sometimes rugosely 

 plicated; fiesh-white, rather obscurely rayed with 

 light-brown beneath, pale-sulphur in the middle. 

 Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vii. p. 574. 



Umbrella Lamarcklmia, Recluz. 

 Ilab. Mediterranean Sea. 



A much less solid species than the preceding, with 

 little appearance of radiating striae on the inner surface. 

 M. Recluz described, in 1843, Revue Soc. Cuvierienne, 

 p. 109, a second species of Umbrella from the Mediter- 

 ranean, but his views in this respect have not been con- 

 firmed. 



Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) 

 Umbrella ovalis. Umh. testd ovali, fenui, subpellucidd, 

 planulata subtus aurantio-albd, lavijatd, extus concen- 

 trice striatd, margine inlegrd, vertice parvo; carneo- 

 albidd, fuscescente pallide remote radiatd, epidermide 

 tenui indiitd. 

 The oval Umbrella. Shell oval, thin, rather transpa- 

 rent, orange-white beneath, smooth, concentrically 

 striated without, entire at the margin, vertex small ; 

 flesh-white, feintly distantly rayed with brown, co- 

 vered with a thin epidermis. 

 CARPENTER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 161. 

 Eab. Mouth of the Chiriqui river. Bay of Panama ; Cum- 

 ing. 

 The specific differences in this genus are slight and va- 

 riable, but the discovery in the above-named locality of 

 a genus of so characteristic a type as Umbrella, hitherto 

 known only in the eastern hemisphere, adds materially to 

 the importance of the species. 



November, 1858. 



