Packard] INSECTS OF THE GARDEN. 21 



and fruit trees, the list would extend to several hundreds. 

 A few of these, such as the imported cabbage butterfly, 

 apple bark-louse, the vaporer moth, the gooseberry saw-fly 

 and others are importations from Europe, while the still 

 more injurious canker worm, tent caterpillar, apple tree 

 borer, pear slug, and more that could be mentioned are 

 natives, and before the apple and pear were introduced prob- 

 :ibly fed on the species of wild cherr}-, thorn and other 

 rosaceous plants common in our woodlands. 



In speaking of the great number of injurious insects 

 which infest certain plants, I may be pardoned for quoting 

 as follows from my first "Annual Report on the Injurious 

 and Beneficial Insects" made to the Massachusetts Board 

 of Agriculture. 



"We should not forget that each fruit or shade tree, gar- 

 den shrub or vegetable, has a host of insects peculiar to it, 

 and which 3'ear after year renew their attacks. I could enu- 

 merate upwards of fifty species of insects which prey upon 

 cereals and grasses, and as mau}^ which infest our field crops. 

 Some thirty well known species ravage our garden vegetables. 

 There are nearly fifty species which attack the grape vine, 

 and their number is rapidly increasing. About scA'cnty-five 

 species make their annual onset upon the apple tree, and 

 nearly an equal number may be found upon the plum, pear, 

 peach and cherry. Among our shade trees, over fifty species 

 infest the oak ; twenty-five the elm ; seventy-five the walnut, 

 and over one hundred species of insects prey upon the pine." 



Cut Worms. — Among those general pests, which have no 

 special food-plant, and from their omnivorous tastes do 

 infinite mischief in gardens, are certain sl^', nocturnal crea- 

 tures, the cut worms. They have the well known habit of 

 cutting off with their jaws the young, succulent plants of the 

 cabbage, turnip, bean, tomato, corn and various cultivated 

 flowers. 



These caterpillars are usually cylindrical, the body taper- 



21 



