Packaku] RELATIOXS OF TXSECTS TO MAX. 95 



cluced by feeding his bees exclusively with malt. This honey 

 excited great interest, and the question was raised whether 

 this substance was real honey, and whether, consequently, 

 the bee was able to change malt-sugar in its stomach into 



honey Dr. Von Schneider arrived at the conclusion 



that the carbo-hydrates, sucrose and dextrose, contained in 

 the malt are actually changed by the bee into honey sugar, 

 and that Mehring's honey only differs from other honeys in 

 the absence of the specific aroma which is imparted to them 

 by the flowers from which the bees have been gathering. 

 Now," adds the '-Academy," in quoting the account from the 

 "Bienen Zeitung" "after the fact had been established that 

 honey and wax are not substances found as such by the bee, 

 but are productions which ha^-e undergone chemical change 

 through contact with the secretions of the insect, Prof. Von 

 Siobold directed his attention to the investigation of the se- 

 creting organs, a branch of anatomy which indeed had not 

 been entirely neglected, but which is now treated for the 

 first time with regard to the special functions those organs 

 appear to perform in the preparation of the products of the 

 bee. Prof. Von Siebold distinguishes three entirely distinct 

 and very complicated sj'stems of salivary glands, tivo of 

 which (a lower and upper) are situated in the head, and the 

 third in the anterior part of the thorax, the latter having 

 been erroneously regarded by Fischer as a hing. Each of 

 them has separate excretory ducts, and is distinguished by 

 a specifically different form and organization of the vesicles 

 secreting the saliva. Each consists of a right and left 

 glandular mass, with right and left excretory ducts. For 

 the detailed account of their minute structure we must refer 

 to the paper itself, and the ])late accompanying it. It may 

 liowever be mentioned that this extraordinary development 

 of the salivar}' organs has been observed by Prof. Von 

 Siebold in the workers only. The queen possesses only 

 a rudiment of the lower cephalic system in the form of the 



31 



