PACKAKD.] INSECTS OF THE EOEEST. 255 



hickory trees in it." Mr. Riley adds, " tlie beetles issue the 

 latter part of June and fore part of July. Both sexes bore 

 into the tree, the male for food and the female mostly for 

 the purpose of laying her eggs. In thus entering the tree, 

 they bore slantingly and upward, and do not confine them- 

 selves to the trunk, but penetrate the small branches and 

 even the twigs. The entrance to the twig is usually made 

 at the axil of a bud or leaf, and the channel often causes 

 the leaf to wither and drop, or the twig to die or break off. 



"The female in depositing confines herself to the trunk or 

 larger limbs, placing her eggs each side of a vertical cham- 

 ber, as described by Mr. Bryant. Here she frequently dies, 

 and her remains may be found long after her progeny have 

 commenced working. The larvae bore their cylindrical chan- 

 nels, at first, transversely and diverging, but afterward 

 lengthwise along the bark, always crowding the widening 

 burrows with their powdery excrement, which is of the same 

 color as the bark. The full-grown larva is soft, 3'cllowish, 

 and without trace of legs. The head is slightly darker, with 

 brown jaws, and the stigmata so pale that they are with dif- 

 ficulty discerned. It remains torpid in the winter, and 

 transforms to the pupa state about the end of the following 

 May. The pupa is smooth and unarmed, and shows no sex- 

 ual differences. The perfect beetle issues through a hole 

 made direct from the sap-wood, and a badly infested tree 

 looks as though it had been peppered with No. 8 shot. The 

 sexes differ widely from each other, the male having spines 

 on the truncated portion of the abdomen, not possessed by 

 the female. The eggs are deposited during the months of 

 August and September, and the transformations are effected 

 within one year, as no larvjc will be found remaining in the 

 tree the latter part of July." 



The chestnut tree is sometimes infested by the Shining 

 Arrhopalus (Fig- 195). Except the fact that it has been 

 taken from the chestnut tree, 1 know nothing further con- 



31 



