Packakd.] 



INSECTS AS MIMICS. 



265 



be readily mistaken for a dead leaf. All these Graptas, with 

 Vanessa Antiopa, are among the most abundant of our but- 

 terflies. The most perfect resemblance to a leaf with its 

 stalk is afforded by the well known case of the Kallima, 

 figured and described by Mr. Wallace in his interesting book 

 entitled "The Malay Archipelago." 



The caterpillars which feed on herbage or the leaves of 

 trees are almost universally protected from the attacks of 

 birds by their adaptive coloration. Those caterpillars which 

 feed on the pines have a family look, though belonging to 



Fig. 202. 



Fig. 203. 



m 



Pine Lyda. Honeysuckle Abia. 



different natural families. For example, the larva of the Eu- 

 ropean pine Fidonia, our native Cleora of the pine, the pine 

 Trachea, the i)ine hawk moth (EUema) and other caterpillars 

 have markings very much in common, having as a ground 

 color the peculiar green of fresh pine needles, with red 

 stripes and bars corresponding in tone to the red sheaths of 

 the needles. The leaves of the Austrian i)ine are devoured 

 by a saw fly larva (Lyda, Fig. 202) which is reddish olive 

 green with reddish and purple patches and lines. The Abia 

 (jf the Tartarean honeysuckle (Fig. 203) is of a peculiar 



9 



