METAMORPHOSES. 65 



a child trussed up like a mummy in swaddling- clothes, 

 according to the barbarous fashion once prevalent here, 

 and still retained in many parts of the continent ; Linne 

 has called it the pupa state, and an insect when under 

 this form a /)7/;ja ,- — terms which will be here adopted in 

 the same sense. In this state, most insects eat no food ; 

 are incapable of locomotion ; and if opened seem filled 

 with a watery fluid, in which no distinct organs can be 

 traced. Externally, however, the shape of the pupae of 

 different tribes varies considerably, and different names 

 have been applied to them. 



Those of the beetle and bee tribes are covered with 

 a membranous skin, inclosing in separate and distinct 

 sheaths the external organs, as the antennae, legs, and 

 wings, which are consequently not closely applied to 

 the body, but have their form for the most part clearly 

 distinguishable. To these Aristotle originally gave the 

 name of nymphcs'^, which was continued by Swammer- 

 dam and other authors prior to Linne, who calls them 

 incomplete pupas, and has been adopted by many English 

 writers on insects''. 



Butterflies, moths, and some of the two-winged tribe, 

 are in their pupa state also inclosed in a similar mem- 

 branous envelope ; but their legs, antennae, and wings, 

 are closely folded over the breast and sides; and the 

 whole body inclosed in a common case or covering of a 

 more horny consistence, which admits a much less distinct 

 view of the organs beneath it. As these pupse are often 

 tinged of a golden colour, they were called from this 

 circumstance chrysalides by the Greeks, and aurelies by 

 the Romans, both which terms are in some measure 



^ Hht. Anim. 1. 5. c. 10. *> Plate XVI. Fig. G-9. 



VOL. I. r 



