June, i9i6.] Wheeler : Slave-Raids OF Amazon Ant. Ill 



already there with several campers, all intently watching the ants. 

 According to their statements, the army left the nest about 3 P. M. 

 After going some 60 ft. it hesitated and part of it discovered a small 

 fusca colony, plundered it and returned home at once with the booty, 

 while about half of the army changed its direction and proceeded 

 to a point about 80 feet from the home nest in a more northerly direc- 

 tion than any of the previous forays and along the bank of the 

 stream. The ants soon succeeded in detecting a fusca colony, which, 

 however, offered stubborn resistance. This was overcome and the 

 robbers were all returning laden with pupae when I reached the spot 

 between 4.50 and 5 P. M. One of the observers saw a few winged 

 amazon females in the outward-bound army, but none was seen re- 

 turning to the nest. 



July JO. The amazon nest was watched by Mr. Price, about 

 twenty campers and myself from 2.30 to 4.30 P. M. but made no foray. 

 This was very probably due to the weather, which was cloudy and 

 much colder than on the preceding days. Nevertheless quite a num- 

 ber of males escaped from the nest, especially between 2.30 and 3.30 

 P. M. Some of them flew away, others almost immediately returned 

 to the nest and several were violently dragged back into it by the 

 fusca slaves. Only two dealated females left the nest. They ran 

 about for some time and then returned into the entrances of their 

 own accord. The slaves were very active at all three entrances and 

 seemed to be constantly keeping the worker amazons from making a 

 sortie. On lifting the stone covering the galleries several winged 

 females were seen near one of the entrances, but none of them left 

 the nest. The following morning I was compelled to leave Fallen 

 Leaf Lodge and was therefore unable to continue my observations. 



The following points are particularly interesting in these field ob- 

 servations in connection with those recorded in my ant book on the 

 same subspecies in Colorado, P. rufcsccns hicolor in Illinois and P. 

 lucidus in New York : 



I. Although it is known that both the European and American 

 amazons make their raids only during the afternoon, the sorties previ- 

 ously recorded for our American forms, though also observed during 

 July, occurred at an earlier hour, as follows: hreinccps at 1.55 P. M. 

 hicolor before 2 P. M. ; at 1.35 and 1.20 P, M. ; lucidus at 2.20 P. M. 

 One foray of lucidus observed by Burrill in Pennsylvania started be- 



