Thysanoptera 



185 



entire absence of wing-neivures, or at most only a single short 

 longitudinal nervure is present. The feelers have eight segments. 

 The body is flat, and the last abdominal segment is always narrowly 

 cylindrical. 



ORDER 7.— HEMIPTERA. 



Structure. — The Bugs, Lice, Cicads, Frog- 

 hoppers, Plant -LICE and Scale Insects which 



Fig. ioi. — Head and prothorax of Cicad from side, parts separated. I. a. face; 

 /'. c. upper lip ; d. epipharynx (!'. same from behind). II. Mandible. III. 

 ist maxilla ; a. ba';e ; /'. sheath ; c. stylet ; c . muscle. IV. 2nd maxillae ; a. 

 sub-mentum ; b. mentum ; c. ligula, forming beak ; d. hypopharynx (shown 

 also from front d'., and behind d" .). V. Prothorax ; b. haunch ; a. tro- 

 chanter. From Marlatt, Bull. 14 (n.s.) Div. Ent. U.S. Dept. Agr. 



make up this order are characterised by having 

 highly developed sucking and piercing jaws. The 

 mandibles and first maxillae are transformed into 



